If I'm asking someone to cut a 4x4 to a specific length, I need to be precise. For example, if I want the new piece to be 1/10th the length of some other pieces that have already been cut, I would either give the exact length in units or explicitly say "cut it to 1/10th the length of the others." If the original pieces are 4 meters long, then the new one should be 0.4 meters.
I wouldn't say "10 times shorter," because that phrase is inherently contradictory, ambiguous and nonsensical, "times" implies multiplication, not reduction.
Science is right there in my browser’s address bar as I type this -rise up!