• WANTED: Happy members who like to discuss audio and other topics related to our interest. Desire to learn and share knowledge of science required. There are many reviews of audio hardware and expert members to help answer your questions. Click here to have your audio equipment measured for free!

Record breaker: Raphaelite CS30-MKII tube amplifier review and measurements

good question I was just mentioning the guy from the video - what he said - I don't have any idea about that I never built an amp but that guy does in that video from Rogers Audio
Point-to-point can be better because the company doing the point to point wiring is using higher end components and is selling a “premium product”. But the transient stuff is hogwash — or more specifically that circuit boards differ from point to point wiring due to the size of the cables.

Paul McGowan has said this in one of his videos: A nice chassis does nothing for the sound and adds costs. You would think that you can make a cheaper enclosure and pass those savings onto the consumers. On the other hand, once they get to a certain cost of components for their designs, it puts their products in a certain price tier, and then there is an expectation from consumers that it looks good once they were in that toer.

If I recall correctly, if they didn’t look good, it wouldn’t sell very many which would then drive the costs up again so you end up losing some of those cost savings.

There is the real advantage of point to point being easier to tinker and work with. Those Western Electric monoblocks are premium spec made by Canary Audio. They don’t need to hide behind point to point wiring as a marketing bullet, and if anything, it would be a company like WE that is banking on the vintage name that would focus on point to point wiring *if* it had an audible difference.

Again, the higher quality components might matter. Not the presence or absence of circuit boards.
 
The idea of how to properly built a tube amp are very individual. It's a kind of 3D puzzle.
If you do it yourself, it is comparable to your own handwriting. With my last 211 SET it looks like this from the inside. It works with an anode voltage of 1kV.

12AT7-211-inside.jpg
 
Last edited:
Raphaelite CS30-MKII 300B integrated tube amplifier review: A New Performance Record

This is a review and detailed measurements of Raphaelite CS30-MKK 300B single ended tube amplifier. It is available on eBay for $1449 + $310 shipping to California + tax. There are some better deals from retailers direct and it took just over two calendar weeks from ordering to arrival.

Today, we're breaking records.

View attachment 280658

I’ve never heard of Raphaelite, but a Google/eBay advertising algorithm determined I was curious about 300B tubes and was smart enough to show me this. It worked because I was sold on looks alone.

Specifications
  • Raphaelite 3.5K30AQ output transformer
    The transformers are rated for 30 watts of power. Raphaelite uses the term “fully coupled” in their online marketing and “unity coupled” on the unit itself. The original unity coupled transformer was developed by Gordon Gow for push-pull topologies and is still used by McIntosh today. The patent has long expired.

    View attachment 280670
  • ALPS remote controlled volume potentiometer
  • Power transformer rated for 300W
  • Input sensitivity: 450mV
  • Output power: 2 x 8 watts (RMS)
  • Signal to noise ratio: 80dB
  • Input impedance: 1KΩ
  • Output impedance: 4Ω, 8Ω
  • Power consumption: 130W
  • Frequency response: 15Hz-25KHz-3dB
  • Net weight: 23 kg (~51 lbs)


The packing was well thought out, but even though there was minimal damage to the box, the transformer cover was dented. Surprisingly, the amp comes shipped with tubes and those were all fine. The connector supplying the LED for the ammeter wasn't working, which gave me an excuse to open it up and inspect it.

View attachment 280659View attachment 280660View attachment 280661

View attachment 280662

You can see a simple layout with a nice mix of PCBs with point-to-point wiring. PCBs provide lower costs of manufacturing and what’s important are the components not the topology. We’re not dealing with tiny surface mounted resistors here. No ferrite chokes are used (which may provide an opportunity for tweaks in high EMI environments). This is supposedly inspired by the original Western Electric 91B design, modified to handle “modern” tubes. The are some IC's since there is an infrared remote, and the ammeters blink while the unit is warming up. One of the visible ICs near the input jack is the NE555P which is a timer.

These “permalloy” input transformers can be plugged in or out of the signal chain to allow this to operate as a proper integrated amplifier or pure power amplifier. I tested this unit, as designed, with the input transformers enabled.

View attachment 280663

Test Setup
  • Topping D90 MQA as tone generator
  • Vishay Dale NH250 1% 4.48 ohm non-inductive resistors
  • E1DA Cosmos Grade A ADC
  • @pkane MultiTone software

Tube amplifiers are sensitive to speaker loads, so the resistor will show a different frequency response than actual use with speakers.


Out of the box:
Preamp tube: Shu Guang 6J8P
Power tube: Psvane 300B
Rectifier: Shu Guang 5Z3P

These tubes were used for

Tube Selection
For measurements, I swapped in some new old stock USA made tubes and new USA made tubes.

Rectifier: CBS/HYTRON JAN-CHY 5U4G
While the rectifier is not part of the signal path, it is necessary for converting AC to DC. While a tube rectifier theoretically has lower noise than a solid-state rectifier (until you filter the output), it’s doubtful that cleaner rectification is going to carry all the way through the signal chain. Compared to the factory tube, the NOS tube reduced THD but increased noise.

Hytron was founded in 1921 and acquired by CBS in 1951 (yes, the TV company). By 1952, the “CBS/Hytron” facility was manufacturing germanium diodes and transistors! They continued manufacturing semiconductors and tubes for about 10 years! The JAN (Joint Army Navy) specification indicates that tube was originally produced for the US defense industry.

View attachment 280667

Preamp tube: Philco 6SJ7
The 6SJ7 is a high gain tube that largely saw use in RF amplification. Since it offered wide bandwidth and high-gain (at the time), it was also used for audio. Nowadays, something like the 12AX7 is a more popular tube (and actually was a collaborative effort between RCA, Sylvania, and GE for the US defense industry). Compared to the factory tube, this increased gain, but added both THD and noise.

View attachment 280669

Philco has its roots as far back as 1892 (when the company was called Helios). Philco stands for “Philadelphia Battery Company” and was famous for taking the lessons learned from Henry Ford and assembly line manufacturing and applying it toward radios. In the 1950’s, Philco engineers invented the surface barrier transistor which was a high-speed transistor and powered many of the earliest computers used by the National Security Agency and the ground guidance systems used in the USAF Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile. Philco was acquired by the Ford Motor Company in 1961 and integrated Ford’s Aeronutronic Division into a new company called, Philco-Ford. Philco-Ford famously was responsible for constructing NASA’s Mission Control. Although I’ve given the history of Philco, these 6SJ7’s are likely made by RCA based upon appearance.

Power tube: Western Electric 300B
These tubes are as expensive as the rest of the amplifier combined. The current production of the Western Electric 300B genuinely does measure cleaner than other commercially available products and does show improved measurements with "burn-in." We are looking at this straight out of the box. The wood box is a $100 upcharge. The glass appearance is clearer than the Psvane. That is, the visible purity of the glass is noticeably more transparent! Without burn-in, the WE 300B tubes show higher levels of distortion than the factory tubes at high power but better levels at lower power.

View attachment 280671View attachment 280672View attachment 280673

Western Electric has a history that goes as far back as 1869. The Western Electric Engineering Department became Bell Laboratories in 1925 and would go on to develop revolutionary products including the transistor, laser, CCD, radio astronomy and even software technologies such as UNIX, C, C++. The “Hawthorne Effect” which describes how people will change their behavior simply because they are being observed was first recognized at Western Electric’s factory in the Hawthorne suburb of Chicago. To say that Western Electric is an important center of US manufacturing and innovation in the 20th century would be an understatement.

The 300A/B tube was developed in this early era of innovation at Bell Laboratories. 1933 for the 300A and 1938 for the 300B. These vacuum tubes were originally developed for audio applications such as the telephone and movie theaters. It was never intended for home use.

After WWII, Western Electric ultimately continued to produce the 300B largely as a high-endurance high voltage regulator for industrial use.
s-l1000.jpg

(Photo taken from an eBay listing)

In the 1960’s, each Western Electric 300B tube was only $8 each, or $80 in 2023 dollars adjusted for inflation (as opposed to the $700 they are going for now!). There were better tubes intended for home audio like the 6550 and the 300B’s role in home audio was basically absent. It was limited to the realm of DIY hobbyists.

Western Electric really didn’t care about audio, as their business was focused on telecommunications as well as its role as a defense prime. They ran Sandia National Labs, developed and produced Nike missiles, and developed or supported a wide range of radar systems including the Distant Early Warning system for NORAD and operating the SAGE System.

View attachment 280675

The last Western Electric 300B tube came off the manufacturing line 1988 at which point the Kansas City Works vacuum tube production ended. That is also the year that original radars of Distant Early Warning line (that required human observation of the radar screens) began to be deactivated and were upgraded to solid state systems. It may simply be a coincidence in timing but the fact that little is known about Western Electric’s tube manufacturing during the peak of their defense activities says a lot about where their tubes were being used.

So why does the 300B have the reputation for being so special for music when Western Electric themselves didn’t consider it to be anything special?

The aura and “legend” of the 300B among audiophiles really seemed to take on a whole new life in the 1970’s in Japan. At that time the theater systems that were originally installed in the 1960s were coming off lease and being sent overseas, largely for scrap metal. Turns out that some hi-fi hobbyists had a chance to listen to the 300B for the first time at that point. Since it was also bragging rights to have a large enough listening room for theater speakers and partly because the 300B also sounded great, it took on a whole life of its own.

Today’s Western Electric is a new company focused exclusively on audio. Unlike licensing or brand-name agreements like Kodak, Polaroid, Tung-Sol or GE Home Appliances, the modern Western Electric actually did license all of the IP involved in the original Western Electric tube production, including manufacturing protocols, and purchased the tooling used by Western Electric and even hired some of the original Western Electric employees involved with tube production to help train their current workforce. Even a large stock of original 1963 nickel alloy is being used.

Today’s Western Electric 300B is not a true historical reproduction. It’s is an evolution. The biggest change is the method in which the nickel is carbonized. The traditional supplier went under, and the modern Western Electric initially thought they could bring the process in-house until realizing the safety challenges of using large volumes of explosive CH4 gas in the absence of sulfur. They ended up going down the route of using Graphene, presumably through ALD, to coat their nickel. ALD provides, conformal, pinhole free thin-film coatings at the angstrom level. Other innovations like improved vacuum pumps, clean room filtration and modernized quality control methods on top of the refined Bell Laboratories protocols.

These efforts have generated a 300B tube that measures with lower distortion than competing products and results in a tube that has a 5 year warranty! It is officially rated for 40,000 hours (4.6 years running 24/7/365!)

Western Electric isn't worried about burn in, even though it is measured to make a difference. They advise against silly stuff like cryotreatment.
View attachment 280677
View attachment 280678

Ready to break records?

View attachment 280680

View attachment 280682


That's the LOWEST WORST 5W SINAD of any amplifier measured here.

At 50 milliwatts, the SINAD is in the 30 to 40 dB range. The NOS rectifier and NOS pre-amp tubes worsen measured performance, but you can see how the pattern is different in the midrange/treble above -100 dB which means it could sound better to use the NOS tubes.

View attachment 280686


Resistors vs. Speakers
Ignore the SPL numbers in the legend for all of these. You just want to look at the "shape of the curve". I took these REW sweeps at different dbFS.

In a resistor, you don't see any surprises with different volume content. Lower volumes reveal the 60 Hz AC mains noise.
1682055050828.png



Now look at the JBL XPL90 which has been measured here and look at the different results depending on the dBFS sweep.
1682055132196.png



This 300B SET with my speakers offers the opposite of a loudness curve.

You get extra treble boost with higher energy, but at low volume, the treble increase is lower. This is all from extra distortion that's happening. There is even a slight bass boost at lower volumes. Again, distortion.

But at least amongst 300B fans, this may be the right "pattern/character/flavor" of distortion.


Now we're starting to see the effect of the SET and its role as a "fixed effects box". You cannot turn it on or off, but a simple Parametric EQ isn't going to let you replicate the "300B tube sound". You can pick one treble boost for the entire song, not a dynamic one that depends on the content.

We know the "showroom sound" can be fun for short periods of time, but the boost can be fatiguing. But you have to think about this in musical content. The showroom sound comes only on demand during transients! So, imagine having an effects box where the effect is subdued in the normal parts and during transients, it jumps up even more.

This is why recording the SET seems to lose the effect compared to actually listening to music on a SET tube amp. You not only have to think about the actual speaker but all the volume it's running at.

Take a look at the slope of those REW sweeps with the XPL90. The rise in treble begins at 3 kHz, right? Let's see what @amirm measured on the XPL90.

Do you see something at 3 kHz also?


index.php



What's really neat is that if I take a few different 2-way speakers that I own, and eyeball-match the volume at 1 kHz, we can see that the relative to the resistor, you get a pretty consistent bass boost while the treble gain differs between the different speakers/crossovers. This really does counteract the "rolled-off" highs that measurements into resistors generate.

1682055814046.png



Listening Test
Honestly, it sounds great. With real speakers, the treble boost removes the rolled off highs that we hear in the recordings. The exaggerated dynamics are still pretty subtle. This is a testament to the engineers of the 1930's to have reached a point where you're pretty close to the audible performance. It's also a way to see the spread between the absolute worst measuring amplifier tested here against a 120 dB SINAD DAC paired with a straight-wire-with gain.

The fit/finish is great. The remote feels nice and sturdy, although it's not the best functonality since you cannot tell if you have the remote upside down by feel. Likewise, the remote doesn't sit flat on a table because the CR2025 battery cover is prominent. Amp warm-up time is very quick!

Conclusion
When you review a solid state amp, there’s rarely a history lesson that comes along for the ride. The product performance speaks for itself. It's tue amps that get a history lesson and to quote @John Atkinson in his review of a different 300B tube amplifier: "Its measured performance is what I would expect from an amplifier with a single-ended output stage that uses a single 300B tube."

I hope in writing this review, it becomes easier to capture some of the appeal of tubes. It's not purely a technical product based upon the measured performance. Like collecting vintage artwork or physical books, tube electronics can be a way to connect to the history of audio.

Through blind testing, objectivists can validate that differences are heard, the differences are small, and therefore a well-engineered low-cost product makes a lot of sense. "Within the performance envelope, most amplifiers are indistinguishable from each other."

For subjectivists, the blind testing does validate that poor SINAD can still sound reasonable. By looking at the speaker-loads, we can see that synergy is not sighted bias, and that the "unique" sound signature is indeed present through a non-linear, content-dependent enhancement.

When people talk about "sweet" treble, where things don't sound bright but the treble has some sort of clarity, we're seeing the signal-dependent treble boost where loud transients will see more enhancement than the softer high frequencies. This isn't sighted bias, but a measureable phenomena that isn't easily reproduced in software.

Do I recommend this amp? Not if it's your only amp. You're really restricted by the power, and the special treble sweetness is unpredictable. It's a lot of money too.

Do I recommend this amp among 300B tube amps? This is my first experience with a 300B tube amp. It certainly lives up to the expectations of sounding different, and it subverted my expectations about how poorly something could measure and still sound reasonable. In my mind, I was thinking SINAD of the 50's or 60s would be my threshold, and I didn't expect SINAD in the 20s and 30s to somehow still sound great. So yes, I do like it.

Do I recommend that you go out and try listening to a 300B amp the next time you're at a show or dealer? Absolutely.

Much as classic literature has stood the test of time, the overall representation of music provided by the Western Electric 300B tube has also stood the test of time. Harmonic distortion, intermodulation distortion, and noise are all present with tubes and it's as far from fully transparent as you might measure. Science and modern measurement tools has helped us gain some insight into potential quantitative explanation for the description of "sweetened" treble. Blind testing combined with measurements and analysis of resistive vs. speaker loads should help each tribe of audiophiles understand the other side a bit more.

This review should help subjectivists see how science can help translate poorly defined descriptions like "sweet treble" into numbers. Measurements are still good for those of us who trust our ears. Likewise, the blind testing and recordings should help objectivists see how owners of 300B aren't in need of a hearing aid -- bad SINAD can still sound pretty good, and the introduction of speaker/amplifier interactions can generate a unique "sound signature" that might be preferred by some.

To reference the current season of The Mandalorian, I consider myself a walker of both paths in the audiophile hobby: objective and subjective.

This is the way.

a good test which shows what the most important influence of a tube amp is. the impedance of a speaker. in this video
at 8:17 can even more change of the FR see. he do impedance correction later. video is german but you can enable english subtititles
 
a good test which shows what the most important influence of a tube amp is. the impedance of a speaker. in this video at 8:17 can even more change of the FR see. he do impedance correction later. video is german but you can enable english subtititles
Nice video - but the superimposed advertising bothers me.

I find it better to use speakers that do not require impedance correction and also do not need a high damping factor. A passive correction network can also ruin the sound.
Yes, such speakers exist, but it is quite rare with today's commercially available speakers.
 
Nice video - but the superimposed advertising bothers me.

I find it better to use speakers that do not require impedance correction and also do not need a high damping factor. A passive correction network can also ruin the sound.
Yes, such speakers exist, but it is quite rare with today's commercially available speakers.

it seem depend also on the crossover frequency. in higher freq phase is not need for hearing because ears are not sensible for phase shifts in higher freqs. in his video the large impedance change is at 4 khz. so i think impedance change work good. in this speaker https://www.audiosciencereview.com/forum/index.php?threads/理性派hifi-x5-speaker-review.42528/ the large impedance change is around 1.5 khz this is not so good do impedance correction at this low frequency. best for tube amps are wide band speakers i guess
 
I appreciated the audio review and the history lesson.
I also liked the video review!

To reference the current season of The Mandalorian, I consider myself a walker of both paths in the audiophile hobby: objective and subjective.

This is the way.
 
... I consider myself a walker of both paths in the audiophile hobby: objective and subjective.

This is the way.
Wonderful - the hobby becomes richer when you allow more and think outside the box. Besides, objectivity only works to a very limited extent anyway, as long as you're a normal person.
 
Fantastic review Alan. You summed it really well. A 300b se tube amp delivers a version of the recording that while not to be considered the absolute truth, it brings beauty. There’s a reason so many are addicted to 300b flea watt amps, despite serious limitations. I could never be all about 300b amps as my musical tastes encompass many genres of music that the 300b will not perform with. But listening to jazz quartet, classical, Jimmy Lee Robinson singing the blues, old blue eyes or Peggy Lee, the 300b can pin you to your seat with a decent scotch for hours on end.
 
Fantastic review Alan. You summed it really well. A 300b se tube amp delivers a version of the recording that while not to be considered the absolute truth, it brings beauty. There’s a reason so many are addicted to 300b flea watt amps, despite serious limitations. I could never be all about 300b amps as my musical tastes encompass many genres of music that the 300b will not perform with. But listening to jazz quartet, classical, Jimmy Lee Robinson singing the blues, old blue eyes or Peggy Lee, the 300b can pin you to your seat with a decent scotch for hours on end.
I have in house a 300B-based amp, which has had dithyrambic reviews. At low volumes, there's nothing particularly different there. At higher volumes, it just gets congested and fuzzy. As an output tube, there's nothing special about a 300B other than legend and price.
 
We old guys love ourselves some treble boost
Not so. I have as much EQ as I could ever need and have experimented extensively. I like flat out to 6kHz, with a very slight roll past there.
 
I have in house a 300B-based amp, which has had dithyrambic reviews. At low volumes, there's nothing particularly different there. At higher volumes, it just gets congested and fuzzy. As an output tube, there's nothing special about a 300B other than legend and price.
Yup
 
I have in house a 300B-based amp, which has had dithyrambic reviews. At low volumes, there's nothing particularly different there. At higher volumes, it just gets congested and fuzzy. As an output tube, there's nothing special about a 300B other than legend and price.

So the magic is in the middle volumes to get those dithyrambic experiences? :)

Is this the 91E that you are commenting on? If you can, it would be great to run a sweep at different volumes through a speaker even if you are measuring acoustically instead of electrically.
 
If you can, it would be great to run a sweep at different volumes through a speaker even if you are measuring acoustically instead of electrically.

I'm not sure what you're after here.
 
I'm not sure what you're after here.
What I saw with this unit.

I didn’t get the undulations of the Stereophile reference speaker load. I saw the load dependent treble boost and an otherwise flat electrical response.

300B fans this isn’t seen with other 300B amps, but they haven’t shown actual electrical measurements. You have reliable measurements and would love to see if this happens with whatever you are testing.

I ran a sweep with a load at around 1W. Then in REW, I just dropped the SPL by 10 dB each time. This ONLY happens with a speaker load, not a resistive load.

1687396734212.png
 
That ripple looks like a measurement artifact. What in your setup could cause something like an echo at 100ms? And there's no way on earth I'll get anything like 95-101 dBSPL out of a low power amp like that.:D

You'll absolutely get some frequency response changes using an SET like that unless your speakers have a flat impedance vs frequency characteristic. My usual speakers don't have any severe impedance dips so it's not a big problem. I got some new speakers which may show more of that effect, but of course it can be helped with some EQ.
 
That ripple looks like a measurement artifact. What in your setup could cause something like an echo at 100ms? And there's no way on earth I'll get anything like 95-101 dBSPL out of a low power amp like that.:D

Sorry for confusion. That is an electrical measurement not acoustic so just think of the Y-axis as relative SPL.

You'll absolutely get some frequency response changes using an SET like that unless your speakers have a flat impedance vs frequency characteristic.

It’s not just the FR changes but that the degree of FR boost is not fixed but signal level dependent! Look at where the slope occurs and then look at the impedance curve.

1687400457997.png

In my mind, this is the 300B treble sweetness. It’s just a FR change. But the 300B “sweetness” doesn’t sound bright because it’s level dependent.

But other 300B owners, without measurements, have said this is a characteristic of this amp only and not other 300B amps.
 
Last edited:
Sorry for confusion. That is an electrical measurement not acoustic so just think of the Y-axis as relative SPL.
You still have a measurement artifact. Something is echoing at 100ms or something is set incorrectly in your sweep measurement parameters. Sorry, I don't know REW well enough to have suggestions, but if you were using AP software, I'd tell you to increase the "extend acquisition" parameter and increase sweep duration.
 
You still have a measurement artifact. Something is echoing at 100ms or something is set incorrectly in your sweep measurement parameters. Sorry, I don't know REW well enough to have suggestions, but if you were using AP software, I'd tell you to increase the "extend acquisition" parameter and increase sweep duration.
Ah. I just assumed it reflected the low damping factor.
 
Back
Top Bottom