I think the $6,000 speaker could still sound way better for at least a couple of reasons, but it depends on where the $5,400 difference is spent.
Drivers - At the $6k price point, you could afford drivers with advanced low inductance motors, rigid cast frames that are well ventilated, cones that support pistonic motion without excessive flexing or ringing, and a little engineering time spent on optimizing soft parts. At the $600 price point, you are probably looking at simple motors, stamped frames, and basic cones. There are some surprisingly good performers within that realm, but there is a ceiling. For a 10" woofer, you would likely hear differences below 100 Hz and above 500 Hz (in the 10" two way example). For the tweeter, crossing to the 10" woofer would require a very low crossover point and two meet that challenge in a $600 price point would probably require giving up quite a bit of high frequency dispersion, crossing the woofer too high, or leaving a region in the midrange where neither driver is performing well. All of these will show up as distortion and dispersion issues, which will not just go away with eq. You can de-emphasize frequencies affected by these issues, but then you will lose detail.
Cabinet - It is relatively easy to construct a mini monitor with a solid cabinet, but much more difficult once the panels get larger (i.e. your 10" two-way example). With a $6,000 speaker, you would have ample budget for advanced construction techniques and materials to stiffen the cabinet and damp any remaining vibrations. Your $600 speaker set cabinet might have a brace if you are lucky and will probably be using particle board with a little polyfill for stuffing/damping. Resonances can be helped by eq'ing the frequencies that excite them, but you are still losing musical information around the frequencies that needed to be eq'ed.