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Guys I get we will all have conflicting views on this subject and so on, but can anyone technically explain why the tweeter distortion rises many multiples from 86db to 96db?? I have looked at dozens of speaker spins, and have never seen one "Jump" this drastically.
Woofer distortion rise, makes total sense. But the huge peaks and increases above 1khz, are extremely uncommon.
I have measured quite a few tweeters over the years, and the only times I have seen a production model, suddenly rise many magnitudes, such as this, it turned out to be Ferrofluid issues, misaligned voice coils, or bad contact or connection, on level controls or components in the crossover. The additional volume level and vibration would cause the "issue" to reveal itself quite strongly, in contrast to the usual ramping up of distortion.
The New Advent Loudspeaker, unlike the original, used a tweeter that is damped with--you already guessed it--ferrofluid, which comprises magnetic particles in a grease base held in place by the magnetic field. When this dries up and hardens, it no longer damps the tweeter motion and it no longer effectively pulls heat from the voice coil. This will make the tweeter misbehave at higher excursions, leading to greatly increased distortion at high outputs.
The fried-egg tweeter in Advents was specifically designed to reduce the crossover frequency so that the two-way design could use a large(ish) woofer with a higher excursion. This made it quite different from the cone tweeters of prior times or the dome tweeters used in three-way (or stand) speakers of more recent times. The center of the tweeter acts like a dome tweeter at higher frequencies, and the surrounding part acts more like a mid-range driver just above the crossover frequency. This aspect was true for both versions of the large Advent loudspeakers, as I recall from having looked into it some years ago, although the NLA tweeter also used ferrofluid.
We routinely refoam the woofers in Advents because the foam used needs a very high compliance to provide the required deep-bass excursions, damped by the acoustic-suspension design (that is, by the reluctance of the sealed cabinet from changing pressure). The foam is thin and rots and falls apart. Both of my pairs of Advents have been refoamed twice. Both have had tweeters fail requiring me to find old tweeters that have not (yet) failed. None of the speaker refurbishments of which I am aware replace the ferrofluid in the tweeters, but I have seen projects where the tweeters were replaced either with (1.) horns or (2.) dome tweeters. Both will require changes to the simple crossovers, which will require those woofers to work at higher frequencies than Henry wanted them to.
One of the reasons that "stacked" Advents became a thing is that two pairs of Advents are driven to less excursion to create the same SPL as one pair, and thus were 3dB less likely to cross over into that much higher distortion. I ran two pairs stacked and driven by two amplifiers for quite a long time, and while they suffered from a range of issues some might notice, they did play loud music cleanly, which everyone noticed.
Another thing to remember is that Advents were popular and important at a time when the people who could only afford Advents could also only afford amps up to 40 or 50 watts, with 20 being as common as 50. Music was more dynamic in those pre-Loudness-War days, and the distortion at peaks were masked for many listeners anyway. They just weren't used much at SPL outputs greater than 90 or so. If the crest factor of typical music of that era was 12 dB (that's a guess), then a 50-watt amp would only be putting out 3 watts for the average signal when putting out 50 watts for the peaks. If the average signal is a sine wave, 3 watts would drive NLA's to about...wait for it...90 dB at one meter.
I still use one of my pairs of Advents in my basement YouTube-watching room, and they sound pretty good driven by one of my B&K amps, but I don't use that setup for really loud playing (doing so would upset domestic harmony). My main system uses Revel F12 towers and a Buckeye Hypex amp that's about three times more powerful. I chose those speakers because I could play them at >100 dB SPL without damaging the speakers or getting that crispy sound on the peaks, and that they would keep up with (and exceed by maybe 2dB) the pair of Advents driven by two 125-watt amps. The F12's had specifically been tested up to 100 dB SPL at two meters (6 dB more output than at 1 meter) in the Canadian Research Lab's anechoic chamber. Soundstage's quote based on that lab work:
"PLEASE NOTE: Our standard is to provide the THD+N measurement at 90dB with a measuring distance of 2 meters (within the anechoic chamber). Since this speaker produced very low distortion levels under those conditions, we have added a second measurement performed at 95dB to give an indication of performance under higher-output conditions. In addition, we have also provide an additional Deviation from Linearity measurement at 100dB based on the good performance at 95dB." I bought them because they produced low distortion at high SPL's compared to anything else I could afford that also had excellent directivity.
Advents sounded really good in comparison to other speakers on the market at the time that were priced affordably and readily available to American college kids and young adults (the old adults that liked them then are mostly gone now, but they were probably comparing to the speakers in their previous stereo console). That's the thing people need to remember--Advents were about $125, half the price of equivalent KLH and AR speakers of similar(ish) design and size (and both of those brands also featured Henry Kloss in a key role in the days before he started Advent), and half the price of similar West-Coast party speakers from, say, Cerwin Vega or JBL. They weren't the best speakers on the market, but they were nicely balanced and had realistic bass response without ringing boominess common to most cheap hi-fi speakers that featured large woofers (typically 12"). They brought a good sound to people who had never experienced it in systems they could afford before that time, and that's why they are remembered so fondly now.
Edit for pictures (far different from the current arrangement!):
Stacked Advent NLA's, deluxe on the bottom and utility on the top. The Utility NLA pair I bought new in 1977. The Deluxe pair came much later.
Damaged Fried-Egg tweeter from an NLA:
Rotted foam compliance from an NLA:
Rick "maintaining perspective" Denney