You're correct the rear foam brings up some middle frequencies too. See here from my post on another thread comparing HD545 (same baffle + driver construction):It did have the metal grille and a carbon-fibre look paint job and the black silk front-damping.
Also the driver material seems different (from milk-white to clear plastic) which will have some influence as well.
Later on Sennheiser replaced the black silk with the white/silver metal mesh.
I did not replace the rear foam b.t.w. which would have probably made the bass response a bit lower and closer to the HD600.
The foam looses some of its properties so the lower frequency response and around 2kHz will be slightly different from 30 years ago.
Still the descriptions from those (HD580 vs HD600) days seem to match what I found.
Probably the nice box the HD600 also came in probably also came into existence with this Jubilee version (1995).
It looks like the HD600 was a bit 'leaner' sounding than HD580 (tighter bass) and due to the many comments about the 'lean' nature of the HD600 Sennheiser launched the HD650 which had a bit more body/warmth/bass extension than HD600. It was 'warmer' than the HD580.
Not only is the bass lowered by there is an increase of a few dB centered around 3kHz.
So I imagine, looking at your measurement, with foam the HD580 would be more like the HD600 below 1kHz and probably a bit too "forward" for most people around 3kHz.