"2.2 - MATCHING AND TERMINATIONBut the characteristic impedance of both the cable and the connectors does not matter at audible frequencies, and a cable that is less than a few kilometers/miles long from what I understand. I can even use no connectors at all and solder the conductors in unbalanced interconnects directly to the circuit. Am I right?
A common misconception is that audio outputs and inputs must be impedance matched. Circuit theory tells us that when source and load impedances are the same, maximum power is transferred. Although useful in some passive signal processing systems, this concept does NOT apply to modern audio signal interfaces. Their goal is to transfer voltage, not power! If Zi is made to match Zo, half the signal voltage is lost and the output drives an unnecessarily heavy load.
"However, impedance matching or termination is required for video and RF cables because the signals have much shorter wavelengths! As a general rule, cables begin to exhibit “transmission line” effects when their physical length is 10% or more of a wavelength at the highest signal frequency. This occurs with video cables over a few feet long and with CATV cables over a few inches long. To avoid reflections of energy from one end of the cable to the other, the driving source and receiving load impedances at each physical end of the cable must match the cable’s characteristic impedance. Such reflections will cause visible “ghosts” or “rings” in video images. For AUDIO cables, termination is NOT necessary unless cables are over about 4,000 feet long!"
Source:
Understanding, Finding, & Eliminating Ground Loops in Audio & Video Systems by Bill Whitlock
Correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe that 4,000 feet long is the most conservative estimate. The wavelength of sound at 20 kHz is only 1.7 cm, but we are talking about the wavelength of electricity at 20 kHz. That is related to the speed of light, not the speed of sound. A conservative estimate is that electricity travels at 50% of the speed of light (in vacuum) in normal copper conductors. This is where it is a little complex as quantum mechanics comes into play if you want to understand the technical aspects of the calculations. An online calculator gave me 24,589.3 feet as the wavelength of 20 kHz at 50% of light speed. Are you gonna need an unbalanced interconnect that is 24,589.3 feet long? Nope. So terminations/connectors are NOT necessary for RCA cables/unbalanced interconnects.
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