What is frequency range 39-20khz (-10db) mean and is this a good frequency range
It means very little as it does not specify how it is measured.
-10dB is half as loud.
So 39Hz (bass notes) are half as loud as they should be as well as 20kHz is not as loud as it should be but unknown how steep that drop off is.
What is most important is the 'wonky-ness' of the frequency response between the bass and treble which also can not be derived from these numbers and will vary in a room.
The original 301 had one cone tweeter with a flap in front of it that could be rotated. The 301-2 and 3 had 2 cone tweeters pointing in different directions.
Series 4 has 2 cone tweeters on either long side, one pointing backwards at an angle and one pointing sideways in a forward direction.
The 301-5 (the one you have) has 2 kind of 'horn-alike' tweeters firing at different angles to one side from another position and is rounded in shape (to look more like 901 ?).
How a Bose speaker sounds is very room and position dependent.
Fine for filling a room with sound, not particularly useful as a 'hifi' speaker. Not very expensive either. Typical 'lifestyle' product.