I agree that measurements can be better than human hearing. My standard example is the oscilloscope on my bench at work that goes to 100MHz. But I don't work in audio so I don't have anything to measure distortion.
I never thought I had exceptional hearing but I've always been pickier than the average listener. And now that I'm older I've lost some high-end. I'm sort of "in tune" to what I'm listening to, and I listen to reverb and other sound characteristics at live events... just because I'm interested in sound and audio..
I used think there were "golden eared audiophiles" (and I do trust Amir as a trained listener) but since I've learned that most "audiophiles" don't believe in blind listening tests, I no longer trust most of what I read.
Some people obviously do have better training and/or better hearing than others.
I've intentionally avoided trying to train myself to hear compression artifacts, or anything like that. I'm not really trying to hear defects. I want to enjoy the sound/music. Of course, I've heard some low-quality MP3s but I wouldn't want to become more picky and maybe lose some listening enjoyment.
As far as dynamic range, somewhere around 100dB seems right, but we can have short-duration peaks above 100dB SPL and there is an acoustic noise floor so we can't hear sounds down to 0dB under any normal listening conditions. And the equipment may need a wider dynamic range if we want/need headroom.