Anything you all use, that might not be all that common? I'm always willing to try new things.
There are plenty of Chinese herbs and spices that would be unfamiliar to Western palates, even well travelled Western palates. Here are a few in my kitchen:
- Sand ginger powder. Despite its name, it tastes nothing like ginger. It has a unique floral aroma and tastes a little like fennel seed. It is used to make salt baked chicken. Sprinkle this in and out of your chicken, wrap the chicken up in paper, then aluminum foil, and pack it down with salt in a Dutch oven. Bake for 90 min.
- Dried Angelica root. Tastes a bit bitter, like ginseng, and a bit earthy. Good for herbal soups, can be used to add an interesting kick to sauces.
- Asafoetida. This one is not Chinese, it is more Persian / Indian. I came across it as a modern substitute for ancient Roman Sylphium, which appears to have gone extinct. It smells awful, a bit like musty old socks, so the key is to use small quantities. I came across a recipe to make a baste for roasted chicken consisting of honey, garum (substitute with an Asian fish sauce), and asafoetida.
- Chinese 5 spice powder. I make my own. It has star anise, cinnamon, sichuan peppercorns, fennel, and cloves. Sometimes also sand ginger powder, cumin, and white pepper (in which case it becomes 7 spice powder). You should try using a bit of this with your Christmas turkey, the flavour is totally unexpected and surprising. I made a Christmas roast goose by mixing 5 spice powder with orange juice and zest, then rubbing that all over the goose. I stuffed the squeezed orange into the cavity with more 5 spice powder.
- Sichuan peppercorns. This has had so much exposure that it's not that unusual any more. Green peppercorns = more numbing, red peppercorns = more fragrant.
I also have a collection of peppercorns, from native Australian pepperberries (intense pepper heat but minimal aroma, although what aroma it does have is akin to a very weak sichuan peppercorn) to the best - peppercorns from Sarawak in Malaysia. These have a strong floral aroma, and medium pepper flavour so you have to use a bit more. The key to using peppercorns is to grind it fresh when you want to use it, and never grind peppers into anything you are going to heat - unless you don't mind getting rid of the aroma and only keeping the pepper flavour. I ignore all recipe directions to grind pepper into sauces. If I am going to do that, then I use the cheapest peppers I have in stock and only keep my expensive peppers for anything that calls for freshly ground pepper - i.e. all types of meats and some pasta dishes.