I'm a recovering subjectivist. 30 years ago I was recording classical music to DAT, reading Stereophile and Absolute Sound and believing every word they wrote. Nearly 50 years ago I got my first bit of tube gear, a Fisher 500c receiver. Later, the Dynaco Pas 3/Dyna 70 pair, Marantz 8b power amp, an Ampex MX-10 microphone preamp, Schoeps tube-powered condenser microphones, Stax energizer/amp [hybrid, JFETs driving triodes without transformers] other stuff. The more I recorded concerts and sessions, the clearer the gap between what I was hearing with the headphones off compared to what I heard with the headphones on. As this progressed I found that the best solid state gear of the mid-nineties was closer to what I heard in the room as it was happening. I would suspect that would be more true now than then.
My subjective impressions is that tubes tend to make textures overly smooth, take away the grit that naturally occurs with many live sounds, like the rosin on the bow or the crash of a cymbal. I'd also hear a thickening of texture, esp. in the upper bass/lower midrange Not-so good solid state would emphasize edgy sounds, but the best solid state gear could be smooth when the sounds called for smooth and usually was lower in self-noise as well. It seems to me that a lot of "tube sound" is output transformers, but some tube preamps that passed through my hands also had that excessively smooth character.
Most of the time I'm listening to music these days it's via the Drop 6XX headphones powered by the Topping L30, driven by the Topping E30. This is not expensive or esoteric gear. A lot of subjective critics will point to increased details or hearing musical parts they didn't hear before as signs of improvement when critiquing audio gear. My situation is different insofar I'm hearing more musical lines [less obscuring/occluding] but this doesn't also emphasize edge definition of sounds like older solid state gear did.
My guess [only a guess, and I'm not an EE] is that the better a given design, the closer it gets to given targets. I would guess that some tube gear would sound really close to good solid state gear. The Stax headphone amp did. However, I also guess that it's more difficult for tube to reach that target then for solid-state, in large part because so much tube gear these days is designed to distort. This has a lot to do with most tubes finding their way to a guitar amp.