• WANTED: Happy members who like to discuss audio and other topics related to our interest. Desire to learn and share knowledge of science required. There are many reviews of audio hardware and expert members to help answer your questions. Click here to have your audio equipment measured for free!

A list of Audiophile Fallacies

ahofer

Master Contributor
Forum Donor
Joined
Jun 3, 2019
Messages
5,687
Likes
10,512
Location
New York City
I posted this in another thread, but I thought it might be useful to open source some more ideas in a separate thread.


“To be a genius is to be misunderstood. But to be misunderstood is not to be a genius”. - Neil DeGrasse Tyson
..nor is being hard to understand - me.

Ad Vinum
Audio is like wine, which inevitably involves incorrect assertions about the chemical make-up of wine (e.g. they allege that identical wines taste different) and blind testing (usually they are wrong about what sommeliers can and can’t do). For instance, the different tastes of different varietals, vintages, and terroir all have measurable chemical signatures (Giving rise to “frankenwines” blended to be similar to great vintages). They tend to ignore that the Sommelier and Master Sommelier exams involve an important label-blind test (but even that requires viscosity and color examination to get correct).


suggested edit: This fallacy also misses the point that in this analogy. the music is the wine, not the audio gear. The music (like the wine) is the thing we enjoy/consume.

Ad Automobilis
High end audio is like cars. Ok, now what? It seems more like installing a speedometer that goes way higher than the maximum speed of the vehicle.

Ad Horologium in Carpi
Audio is like wristwatches. True, but nobody is making claims about the quality of time-telling in a fancy chronomoter. Corollary: all audio debates devolve to wristwatch debates.


Ad Quantum
Your measurements are Newtonian and Audio involves significant quantum effects that are audible to us - we just can’t prove it


Ad Difficile Nito
Blind testing involves too much pressure/rapid changes and therefore is invalid. Typically ignores many blind tests where the timing, length, and rapidity are under the subject’s control. Those asserting this also tend to discount the audiological evidence that a) rapid switching is by far the best way for humans to distinguish small differences and b) that audio memory is incredibly short-lived.


Ad Mysterium
A superset of Ad Quantum and Ad Materiae, in which previous examples of ‘settled science’ being unseated are trotted out as dispositive that this is going on in Audio, despite the lack of unexplained phenomena to explain in unsighted testing. Often supported with the Shakespeare quote from Hamlet “There is more on heav’n and earth..”, ignoring that the speaker is defending the existence of ghosts. He is also expounding on the limitless nature of human imagination, which is actually quite apt to high end Audio, as that’s where most high end differences appear to arise. Typically used to confuse the fact that measurements don’t explain everything we hear with the truth that measurements can describe everything in the sound wave (above and beyond what is audible).


Ad Aures Aureas
The Golden Ear fallacy, usually trotted out by people with severe age-related hearing loss. Tales of extraordinary audio discernment with few witnesses accompanied by a violent allergy to any kind of blind-testing. Ad Difficile Nito is a common co-morbidity when cornered.

A variation of this is the “I don’t need blind tests because the differences were so obvious” (to my Golden Ears..(. This is a sure sign of mismatched levels, broken equipment, or rhetorical desperation.

1718812363612.jpeg


Argument to Bogus Experience
A close corollary to the Golden Ear Fallacy is the Fallacy that being around audio equipment, or auditioning, and perhaps subjective writing about, a lot of equipment constitutes some kind of invaluable experience that serves as an argument against, or even justifies dismissal of, measurements and scientific evidence. “Measures great, sounds like crap” is, at best, a statement of preference, and at worst, it’s nonsense.

This also gives rise to the nonsense criticism that “if you haven’t heard it, you can’t criticize it”. I’m sorry, if it looks and measures like a kazoo, we don’t have to listen to it to criticize it. In fact, we can criticize whatever we like.

Omnia Critica
Every little thing makes a difference, down to the cushion material used on the feet of your DAC. No threshold of difference is too small. Ignores the science of human hearing.


Contra Aequationem Volumen
Often committed en passant, without acknowledging as much, this is the practice of deprecating level-matching as the primary cause of actual perceived differences. Many audiophiles eschew any kind of level-matching in evaluating equipment, which has, perhaps, cost people more money than any other nonsense in the hobby. Also known as Contra-Fletcher-Munson.

Ad Materiae
Another subset of Ad Mysterium The materials used in electronics have their own audible quality, which transcends measurement. Amusingly, these qualities correspond directly to the tactile or visual characteristics of the material in question. Plastic waveguides sound synthetic, silver cables sound liquid, beryllium sounds hard, wood sounds warm, etc.


Russell’s Teapot
”You can’t prove it doesn’t exist”. A favorite of everyone with unsupported theories and claims, despite the well-known practical difficulties of proving a negative. Failure to disprove something is not evidence that it exists.

ad Immunitatem Specialem (a form of Special Pleading)
“I don’t care about the outcome/wanted the outcome to go the other way, so I didn’t have all those sighted biases”. Nope, this is not at all how sighted bias works. Everyone has it, nobody is immune, and you are not in full understanding of its direction or behavior.

Others?

*****added from thread below*****
Ad Turba or Ad Populem- The argument that many people, maybe thousands or millions all agree that they hear something when measurements say they shouldn't, so the measurements must be wrong. Ignores the omni-prevalence of cognitive effects on hearing.

Ad pecuniam - The argument that those who discount the possibility of certain audible differences simply haven't heard expensive-enough systems. Ignores the fairly blatant dislocation of price and quality across the entire industry.
 
Last edited:
Very nice and good value. Thank you for posting, it’s difficult to accept as a full fledged objective audio enthusiast may have difficulty accepting certain things. I will note that being open minded is key, not asking one to accept this but rather entertain the idea.

*I for one strongly accept the objective stance, but will never solely accept perfect measurements without actual listening. As similarly stated, everything plays a role or is a variable. Including for me synergy of products.

**Another easily neglected fundamental is the fact that your audio journey has always been an experience of high distortion and noise. To us this is what sounds natural purely from the standpoint that prior to measurements and high fidelity audio being so big in your life the products you have owned have all been mediocre. Yet for some reason you have enjoyed and listened to said products for years. For example, your boombox or Walkman or later the at home tuner/cd player with accompanied speakers.

Next, one will easily neglect the fact that even though it is present and definitely does change with what the entire chain has to bring. The speakers are typically always the worst part of your chain. The weakest link you can say and even there we have gone leaps and bounds ahead in technology where even cheap speakers perform well.

Going back to the last two points(notated*, **), and my personal experience plus experience. When listening to the Benchmark DAC and amp, and similar dacs with the amp to me is an unpleasant listening experience. However, maintaining an open mind even with knowing this I have tried time and time again to demo variations of this setup, completely different audio chain. In the more than half a dozen times I’ve heard that amp I’ve only had one experience where I was like this to me sonically acceptable. Also to remove any mood or bias I typically will demo said set up twice, like at an audio show, to see if I feel any different.

Oddly, it’s not a factor of measurements as the amps I have now and enjoy very much are similar in performance. The NAD M23, so much so that I ended up purchasing two of those. Let’s disregard topology, and I know many members here feel that class D is it.

I can see that to me two exact or very similar measuring pieces of equipment sound different to me. So this is why I must and you probably should factor in subjectivity.

Lastly, and most important point to consider, as an owner of multiple stereo setups at my home. I love the stereo presentation and I love to learn/experience audio. That even the worst possible measuring setup does not sound as bad as one would imagine. This is again coming from an objective person who strongly accepts and recognizes the differences. Yes, absolutely there are differences between what you get from a setup. Where everything is less than 60 db sinad, cheap speakers dac amp and a jittery source. But if you never have owned these products or even had the measurements available of said products it would be astonishing and astounding that when having a world class near flawless measuring reference system to compare with, the crap system is not as bad.

From my take when I became aware of what I had unknowingly, didn’t even imagine measurements existed for the products nor did I seek it, for the unbelievably low price I paid it didn’t matter. However it was a very eye opening experience, and just to be clear and repeat myself, it’s not as amazing as my reference system. But I really was not bothered by sitting down and doing some critical listening even on that system, finding the measurements actually left me flabbergasted and I sincerely thought this is not possible. Solely based on the fact that I assumed that level of performance would be god awful, and oddly I really enjoyed listening to that system when I was in that part of my home.

I bring up this story because if one wishes to be objective they need to experience the entire spectrum to have a fundamental understanding. Its a fairly great experience and very comprehensive.

It exposes two things, one why the audio industry has gotten away for years selling products with high price tags and mediocre performance ie systems in the 80-90 db range which to our standard is pathetic. Two, why the subjective community continually attacks us for being objective when objective performance is poor on said product and they want to rain on our parade where the product is amazing to them and we are ignorant for now dismissing the product from our radar.

This is why when sincere people come in here and attack review threads we need to have a better understanding. Rather than make fun of or give rebuttals to why they are dead wrong. Forget the trolls, they to some degree deserve that, yet even that’s a waste of time and energy as they are merely trolling.

I’m sorry this was very long, bless you for reading all of it if you managed too. I just hope this helps, and feel it may tie in well with the original topic. I’ve mentioned this a dozen times throughout the threads, and have seen at least two other threads with good participation bringing this up.
 
The speakers are typically always the worst part of your chain. The weakest link you can say and even there we have gone leaps and bounds ahead in technology where even cheap speakers perform well.
I would say that our ears are the weakest link in the chain. Particularly as one gets on in years.
 
I would add:

Ad Turba - The argument that many people, maybe thousands or millions all agree that they hear something when measurements say they shouldn't, so the measurements must be wrong. Ignores the omni-prevalence of cognitive effects on hearing.

Ad pecuniam - The argument that those who discount the possibility of certain audible differences simply haven't heard expensive-enough systems. Ignores the fairly blatant dislocation of price and quality across the entire industry.
 
I would add:

Ad Turba - The argument that many people, maybe thousands or millions all agree that they hear something when measurements say they shouldn't, so the measurements must be wrong. Ignores the omni-prevalence of cognitive effects on hearing.
The refutation offered above, might be countered with, "are you sure you're measuring the right stuff" or (more rationally) "is the data representation useful for resolving the question." Take THD measurements ("please"). Assuming the THD of the 2 amplifiers under test are of equal magnitude, shouldn't the prudent objectivist then examine the distortion spectra before declaring the amplifiers functionally interchangeable. Another common spec. is clipping. As long as the amps are not driven into clipping, (all other parameters being equal), one would expect to hear zero difference between the 2 amps. But take 2 amplifiers specified to produce 60 watts into a standard load, and drive them to 70 watts (or even higher), behavior while clipping could easily differentiate the two units. Compare the behavior (and sound) of a bog standard triode amp, when presented enough signal to clip, with a similarly specified bog standard solid state design pushed similarly past its limits. Are they going to sound the same? Color me doubtful.

If you were to ask me, which you probably wouldn't, I might suggest that much of the tension between the two camps could be resolved if the scientifically bent among us considered the remote possibility that the subjectivists aren't always wrong or deluded, then devote a little effort to discovering what the Audiophiles think they're experiencing, (Anyone else here remember when hi-fi manufacturers suddenly started worrying about transient intermodulation distortion?)

If the voltage falls in a forest, does Helen Keller hear it?
 
I recall, back in the late 70's, a rather well-known British hifi reviewer who we knew inviting us around to his flat to audition an amplifier he had modified. He knew we ran a professional studio, and wanted our feedback on the marvellous improvements via modifications he had carried out on an amp. I don't remember what the amp was, except it was a valve/tube based monobloc of some 100W output and of a reputable make. He had two amps, one modified and one not, connected to KEF Kangaroos, or so we called them - Reference Series 105. A decent monitor for the time.

On one he had removed the overall feedback loop from the amplifier, and adjusted the gain so that the two outputs were roughly the same for the same input. "Listen to this!" he said, and put on a classical recording (can't now recall what, large orchestral). "Listen to that transient attack!" "Listen to that increased presence!" (I may not have it word for word).

My colleague and I were utterly astounded. Speechless. From one speaker was emitting the normal sound of a record playing back on a decent system. The other speaker had hum at 50 and 100Hz, at about -12 or 15 dB relative to the music, and was cross-modulating everything coming out of the bass speaker. Then there was clear motorboating at around 15 Hz, pumping out the bass speaker on the modified side almost to its limits. Then there was around 30% harmonic distortion in the mid and treble, causing ear-piercing squawks from the brass in the mid-range and dog-frightening harmonics (of the type now called saturation and clipping) from the tweeter; back then I still could hear above 20 kHz. This was accompanied by a nice bit of am radio that was being picked up and rectified by one of the out-of-bias valves.

My colleague and I looked at each other. "Listen to that!" he raved. We did. "Very interesting", we said. "Um. Isn't there rather a lot of hum? And distortion?" "Ah, yes, a bit but the clarity! The attack! Negative feedback obscures it all!" We left, never to return.

Said reviewer later became the main reviewer for one of the new "subjectivist" hi fi mags that started to appear around then.

You might think I am making this up. I regret to say that I am not. It admittedly is an extreme case that I have not encountered again, but renders in stark clarity the fundamentalist issues.

I did not gain my psychology degree until long after that, but even back then it was apparent to me that a really huge dose of deluded self-belief and the complete ability to override what your ears (and anyone else!) are urgently telling you was a necessary prerequisite for such a faith-based approach to listening.

So, I'd add to the audiophoolery list, the ability to engage in cult-like behaviour, and believe! Believe! Believe! Sorry, can't come up even with a dog-Latin version of that.
 
Last edited:
They may be the weakest link but the brain is more insidious.
Indeed, that’s the most crucial. It’s interesting to see how audio is perceived based on mood, exhaustion, and the like. It’s crazy how much we still don’t fully understand about the mind.

@Robin L Also very valid, indeed an interesting subject. In consideration with the paragraph above, something I haven’t thought about is equally your mind deteriorates and I wonder how that may affect audio being consumed. From a survival/nature characteristic you would think your brain goes as your ears being sensitive is a tool for survival. Even that could be a touch different for everyone as we all have evolved differently based on external circumstances. Not implying we are fundamentally different but certain characteristics would vary based upon how you and all of your family has experienced. Adaption to survive

I’m in my early 30’s so I don’t know how much my hearing has degraded, but I think I’m picking up most of the spectrum well. This is in regards to my first post.
 
The refutation offered above, might be countered with, "are you sure you're measuring the right stuff" or (more rationally) "is the data representation useful for resolving the question."
Yes, but respectfully this is both off-topic and missing the point.

The fallacy is saying that the measurements are wrong because a lot of people share an opinion. "1,000,000 people can't be wrong--" well, of course they can. The fact that they might later be proved right doesn't make it not a fallacy.

Also, to address your point more directly - you can find all differences between two signals at once with Deltawave, even if you don't have a hypothesis on what's causing a given heard difference. And If you think you hear something, if you know anything about measuring / analyzing audio, you should try to track down and measure what the difference is, if you care about proving your point. And if you don't know, or don't care, why should anyone take it seriously?
 
Yes, but respectfully this is both off-topic and missing the point.

The fallacy is saying that the measurements are wrong because a lot of people share an opinion. "1,000,000 people can't be wrong--" well, of course they can. The fact that they might later be proved right doesn't make it not a fallacy.

Also, to address your point more directly - you can find all differences between two signals at once with Deltawave, even if you don't have a hypothesis on what's causing a given heard difference. And If you think you hear something, if you know anything about measuring / analyzing audio, you should try to track down and measure what the difference is, if you care about proving your point. And if you don't know, or don't care, why should anyone take it seriously?

Wrong measurement, incomplete measurement, inapt data representation; potato, potato, potato. My objection wasn't with this fallacy or any of the others, it was with their typical application, i.e., barely veiled assertions that audiophiles are <fill in one's favorite disparagement>. I don't find that helpful. Your mileage may vary.

My second point, was not whether one might detect (even measure) a difference - something not that difficult to do even without helpful software. The thornier problem I believe is attribution of faults (regardless of how they were detected) to some real thing which might be addressed.

Yes, a million people can be wrong, but it's has a slightly lower probability than one person being wrong a million times.
 
it was with their typical application, i.e., barely veiled assertions that audiophiles are <fill in one's favorite disparagement>. I don't find the helpful. Your mileage may vary.
This is not a bad point to make, honestly. On the other hand, you don't have to go far to find real-world examples of these fallacies in the comment sections on certain websites. As a form of light ribbing and something not to be taken too seriously, I think it's entertaining, but you're right that it's not teaching anybody anything.
 
As a form of light ribbing and something not to be taken too seriously, I think it's entertaining, but you're right that it's not teaching anybody anything.
Among the things true believers typically lack is a sense of humor. Light ribbing may not so feel light when applied to thin or damaged skin. I'm pleased you see my point. Thanks. For the record, I voted for Jello Biafra whenever I could.
 
Among the things true believers typically lack is a sense of humor. Light ribbing may not so feel light when applied to thin or damaged skin. I'm pleased you see my point. Thanks. For the record, I voted for Jello Biafra whenever I could.
Once they have amply demonstrated their utter disregard for the most basic of learnings, and utter determination to proceed to press their fallacies, and also to shoot the well-intentioned messengers with their lack of humour that you have noted, then they may find themselves the subject of some mockery. Tough.
 
Ad Horologium in Carpi
Audio is like wristwatches. True, but nobody is making claims about the quality of time-telling in a fancy chronomoter. Corollary: all audio debates devolve to wristwatch debates.

Ha…WHERE have I seen THAT observation before…?

:)

Good list.
 
Very nice and good value. Thank you for posting,
An interesting opening line, because the remainder of your post goes on to assert certain audio fallacies as fact. Starting with omnia critica.

cheers
 
Once they have amply demonstrated their utter disregard for the most basic of learnings,
To borrow from my new best friend Kemmler3D, you miss the point. My observation regarding true believers was hardly limited to fields with revealed truths, like electronic. It is a general observation, i.e., a plague on both (all?) houses. Mine was a call for manners (on both sides) and for tolerance between those of different faiths. I used to be a fan of Percy Faith, but I grew up.
 
There is surely a place for ad nauseum to fit into the list someplace, particularly in reference to discussing certain audio topics,.
 
To borrow from my new best friend Kemmler3D, you miss the point. My observation regarding true believers was hardly limited to fields with revealed truths, like electronic. It is a general observation, i.e., a plague on both (all?) houses. Mine was a call for manners (on both sides) and for tolerance between those of different faiths. I used to be a fan of Percy Faith, but I grew up.

Well I for one will mock Fremer as much as I please. And he is notoriously thin-skinned. Tough.
 
To borrow from my new best friend Kemmler3D, you miss the point. My observation regarding true believers was hardly limited to fields with revealed truths, like electronic. It is a general observation, i.e., a plague on both (all?) houses. Mine was a call for manners (on both sides) and for tolerance between those of different faiths. I used to be a fan of Percy Faith, but I grew up.
Now... I'm not one to go in for faith, especially not on a science website. "Faith" is shorthand for "we won't be debating this any further", which is sort of antithetical to science.

"Faith" in the scientific method is really more like durable optimism that things can be figured out if we try hard enough, not (as some falsely paint it) faith in the current state of knowledge as being final.

But this is now getting pretty far off-topic. Let's go back to making fun of subjectivists with google translations into latin. :)
 
Back
Top Bottom