Right now, wind and solar no longer need subsidies in the Netherlands. North Sea wind turbine park permits are auctioned to the highest bidder. Subsidies for domestic PV panels have been abolished years ago, and from what I remember never existed for PV panel parks. We still have some subsidies for EVs, but those will also end soon. What is subsidized is home insulation, heat pump installation, public charging posts for EVs etc. All of these in combination with legislation for mandatory building standards for new homes, mandatory use of heat pumps instead of natural gas heating unless impossible to implement, certification of home energy efficiency standards to guarantee a transparent housing market, and much more. And all done at a European scale to create a level playing field and guarantee a large enough market for such technologies.