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Underdamped response = missing sound quality?

You are not equalising the loudspeaker to the same frequency response with closed port as it was with open port by normalising the amplitudes of the recordings, you need to frequency response measurements and use EQ for that.
Ok, I did the same test again but adjusting for the same amplitude. The result is exactly the same, open (top) has noticeable delay while stuffed (bottom) has less.
Screenshot from 2025-03-14 10-32-54.png
 
Ok, I did the same test again but adjusting for the same amplitude. The result is exactly the same, open (top) has noticeable delay while stuffed (bottom) has less.
Did you equalize the bass between stuffed port and unstuffed port to get the same frequency response? By your post you adjusted the amplitude, not matched the frequency response...

@thewas gave some good links. One within those threads Toole explains explicitly what you are hearing.

You really need to equalize to the same bass frequency response before any comparative measurements or comparative listening on your experiment of stuffing ports and how it affects the time behavior of your speakers.
 
If you use EQ you can also close the ports of the loudspeaker or subwoofer and equalise to the desired response at the listening position, you loose in max SPL and distortion. Equalisation in the bass region anyway makes more sense to do for the combined loudspeaker plus room response. Since there usually room modes dominate and decay slower my experience is that, if done well, both equalised to the same response won't have significant audible differences so I usually prefer taking the advantage of max SPL and lower distortion but feel free to try both and make your own listening judgement.
I think he's more bothered by room modes and placing speakers on a table.
 
Did you equalize the bass between stuffed port and unstuffed port to get the same frequency response? By your post you adjusted the amplitude, not matched the frequency response...
That's exactly what I did and matching the amplitude is just the result of that
 
You really need to equalize to the same bass frequency response before any comparative measurements or comparative listening on your experiment of stuffing ports and how it affects the time behavior of your speakers.
Different woofer/cabinet/room combinations will react differently. Nonetheless, with my system plugging the speaker ports improved my bass response when using a subwoofer. The improvements were smoother frequency response in the crossover region and tighter bass. The result was the same regardless of whether I manually equalized or used Dirac Live. The caveat is that plugging the ports puts a greater limit on how low in frequency I can set the crossover frequency, which is as expected. For my subwoofer placement and the crossover slopes I am using that is not problamatic.

That is not to say it will be the same for every system. One person with whom I was communicating some time back, maybe a year ago, achieved better results leaving the ports open on his speakers. If I remember correctly, his speaker manual specifically recommended against plugging the speaker ports, which appears to have been good advice for those speakers.
 
Amplitude and frequency response are two different things. I’m confused by your use of the ‘matching amplitude’. May just be a language barrier! No worries. Can you show the eq you used to match bass response?
I don't know if you get what's happening here. With a single 40Hz tone, equalizing the amplitude and frequency response don't just result in the same thing, they are in fact one and equal. Because the FT of the 40Hz tone is just a single point, it doesn't matter how the sub responds to any other frequency because there is no other frequency.
Where is the delay you’re seeing in the pic?
Check the gaps
Screenshot from 2025-03-14 10-32-54v2.png
 
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Amplitude and frequency response are two different things. I’m confused by your use of the ‘matching amplitude’. May just be a language barrier! No worries. Can you show the eq you used to match bass response?
Right but these are single frequency tones, so matching amplitude or EQing back to the same frequency response is the same thing, for any given frequency tone, right?

I'm more concerned with what looks like audible distortion in the tails of the stuffed-port samples. Some of those trailing peaks look very misshapen.

All that said, this has me thinking about stuffing the ports on my subs. They're way overkill in terms of SPL for my room but the decay bothers me, so I think I can sacrifice one for the other. That's mostly down to the room but excess decay from the sub itself doesn't help.
 
Right but these are single frequency tones, so matching amplitude or EQing back to the same frequency response is the same thing, for any given frequency tone, right?

I'm more concerned with what looks like audible distortion in the tails of the stuffed-port samples. Some of those trailing peaks look very misshapen.

All that said, this has me thinking about stuffing the ports on my subs. They're way overkill in terms of SPL for my room but the decay bothers me, so I think I can sacrifice one for the other. That's mostly down to the room but excess decay from the sub itself doesn't help.
Those aren't 40 Hz, they are 40 Hz plus all of the Fourier components associated with chirping that 40Hz note. And why people keep asking since post 8 about EQ to same FR in order to make any sense of time domain behavior, and any sense of these snapshots of the tone bursts. Also, the global timing appears to be different in some of the plots, although that may be due to not being careful to keep the same setup between runs. I actually really don't know what is going on, which is why some of us are asking for some basic data.

Stuffing a port in a system that sounds boomy in a room can be a good way to improve bass response. Going right to a detailed discussion of step response, without first looking at frequency response isn't useful. And then to looking at snapshots of tone bursts, not useful. This was pointed out in post 15, which links some very good reading material.
 
Those aren't 40 Hz, they are 40 Hz plus all of the Fourier components associated with chirping that 40Hz note.
Oh, good point. I was sort of assuming they were insignificant to estimating the effect on decay time, but I can't say I have much / any confidence in that.
 
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This is largely due to the speaker's ported design.
Not really. Virtually every loudspeaker—ported or sealed (or passive radiator, etc)—has an LF alignment that is at least slightly underdamped. Why? Because the goal is usually something in the neighborhood of a maximally flat (Butterworth) response, which is by definition underdamped. Critically damped or overdamped alignments roll off earlier and are likely to sound inferior unless the corner frequency is very low or the early rolloff happens to mitigate problems related to the room.
 
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The signal amplitude has more deviation in the bottom chart.
Who cares ?
If the premise is that the “Transient Response” (TR) is better, then we can optimise that independent of the “Frequency Response” (FR), or in conjunction with the FR.
Much of the information we need is in the rise and decay, and warbling in the steady state behavior may not be as important.
Whatever is happening to store energy either in the box, the port or the XO, will affect the TR and Group-Delay more than steady state FR.

Right but these are single frequency tones, so matching amplitude or EQing back to the same frequency response is the same thing, for any given frequency tone, right?

I'm more concerned with what looks like audible distortion in the tails of the stuffed-port samples. Some of those trailing peaks look very misshapen.

All that said, this has me thinking about stuffing the ports on my subs. They're way overkill in terms of SPL for my room but the decay bothers me, so I think I can sacrifice one for the other. That's mostly down to the room but excess decay from the sub itself doesn't help.
Really we need the electrical signal as well.
To bitch-n-moan about the distortion in the tails is a bit meaningless unless we know which one is better or worse, and by how much.
I.E. is that burst-train is 8, 9 or 10 cycles, and where does it start?


At the red circles, you can clearly see how the stuffing makes it so the first two peaks of the 10 are closer to the ideal,
Did I miss the post showing what the ideal is?
 
I love my new KH 150s but I feel like there's a slight problem with them. They have an underdamped step/impulse response, which means that any impulse coming in will ring a nonzero amount.


Right now I'm using a Kali WS-6.5 sub with my KH 150s to get the bass down to around 31Hz. However, it's a ported design. Because of this underdamped issue, would it be worth it to upgrade to a sealed sub?
The issue you have was discussed ad nauseam in the 70s of the last century. There’s nothing into it. First, what do you mean with ‚underdamped‘? You see a graph, well, but that‘s not what you hear, naturally. I could throw so much at you, all from real science, your ears would ring. The discussion of frequency, phase, time etc needs at least a confident knowledge of basic math, calculus and such. I‘ve not seen any of that, sigh, in this thread.
Frankly, with apologies, all your, and the other‘s musing are based on typical, all to common misconceptions. Hope you don‘t mind, it‘s not personal at all. It originates in the advertising, posing invented problems on customers as to keep the business running.

One point at least: the room will alter all parameters of bass beyond recognition.
 
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@Heinrich I don't know what's up with the fuss. I'm doing optics engineering so I already know how damping plays out in electronics and optics, but not speakers.
 
@Heinrich I don't know what's up with the fuss. I'm doing optics engineering so I already know how damping plays out in electronics and optics, but not speakers.
I‘m not an engineer, but heard about science. The fuss is about the connection between what we see in the graphs, and what we sense when listening. And what „a frequency“ might be when we use it in equations, weighing in the „amount of x“, e/g „delay of y milliseconds“.

First, it doent‘t make sense to talk about „a frequency“ to begin at a point in time. As you know for sure, there‘s the Fourier series. For obvious reasons I cannot give you a full picture of the meaning of all this. As you are an engineer I strongly encourage you to apply your knowledge with all due rigor to audio also. There‘s nothing special about it.

Reiterated, the room and reflections (aka resonances) will take over anyway. Point is, with common designs like your‘s, there is no problem with „underdamped“. If you feel not satisfied, the reason is somewhere else.
 
With a single 40Hz tone, equalizing the amplitude and frequency response don't just result in the same thing, they are in fact one and equal.
Well, no.
Your signal seems to be 10 cycles on, 10 cycles off. So it repeats after 0,5s. Therefore in the frequency domain it consists of amplitudes at 2Hz, 4Hz, 6Hz ...... ∞. All these frequencies are necessary for realising the signal (more or less), otherwise you would have a continuous sine without any changes (like start and stop) and certainly no transients.
This is the reason why it is not enough to adjust the "amplitude" at 40Hz, the whole frequency range and its FR comes into play.

And that is the reason a woofer output will never look like the "ideal". To see, what an ideal woofer can do, you need to put your signal through a corresponding filter first to compare.
A closed box can be described by a 2nd order filter, whereas a reflex box is a filter of 4th order (two coupled oscillators).
 
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