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Are you not just going to use the best or most appropriate technology you can obtain/design/afford in each circumstance? And by 'best' I mean objectively best - which you must be able to measure/characterise/specify in order to do the science, anyway.
My basic point is that you need science to tell you what the "best" is. Let's say you're designing a loudspeaker with a particular budget, and particular performance criteria for your application (SPL, bass extension, etc.). You're choosing your woofer. You've narrowed it down to two woofers - one has lower overall nonlinear distortion than the other, but IMD is higher, and harmonics F4 and F5 are at almost the same level as harmonics F2 and F3. The other woofer has slightly higher nonlinear distortion overall, but most of this is F2, and IMD is lower overall. No need to go into every other aspect of the drivers' performance for the purposes of the hypothetical - let's assume all else is equal - but you get the idea.
Essentially, you have all these data that you've obtained from objective measurements, and you need to decide how to weight them. Do you have a better proposal as to how to do this than by turning to (in this case) distortion audibility studies?
EDIT: and I should add studies into auditory masking...
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