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XLR with volume control

TerryTown

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Aug 14, 2026
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Well it seems I jumped into this far too soon for my own good. After looking at the advertising site we know as youtube I was armed with little actual information to make a decision about a DAC to use as a preamp/headphone amp between a Mac and 2 mono amps. So I used what little actual information I had to go the Fosi route of the ZH3 and (2) ZA3 amps. What I should have done was come here first and then several other forums for second opinions to ensure whether I was getting what I thought I was. So while I haven't actually received the gear yet I've managed to find through forums and from Fosi themselves that the ZH3 won't do what I thought it would. So now I'm back to square one and combing through forums to find information from folks who aren't getting paid to advertise for these companies. I'm sure there are plenty here who do but there should also be true end users that will honestly answer a question based on experience rather than how it affects their income. So to that end, here goes:

As I posted elsewhere here I believed the ZH3 would take USB audio from a Mac, let me control the volume in the DAC/Preamp section and send it out to the ZA3's which are on the other side of the room via XLR, hence the need for a DAC/preamp with XLR outputs. In skim reading through the media material on all of these DAC/Preamps it seems to me that certain features, or lack thereof, are deliberately not put into the advertising media. So after looking at several Mfg's and relative models I've found that none of them will specify whether the volume control on their device will control the volume levels at the XLR outputs. What I need most is a DAC/preamp that can auto sense, accept and convert audio files from 16 bit 44kHz up to at least 24 bit 192kHz with the ability to adjust the volume output on the XLR outputs. This seems to be some sort of impossibility from what I can tell and if so it must be a design issue with these things. Now Fosi tells me if I'm willing to use only the AUX setting I can achieve this. But this comes at the expense of not being able to utilize any of the actual features of the preamp like EQ, Dynamics and what's ultimately worse, not be able to play anything above 16 bit 48kHz since UAC 2 seems to be unavailable in AUX mode. That just seems wrong like a design issue since output can be controlled by the knob but it won't route anything through the necessary chip or circuitry to allow higher bit rates or EQ.

So what I'd like to run by the people here is, is there a DAC/Preamp that will accomplish what I seek without spending thousands of dollars if at all? I looked at the Fiio K13 R2R media info and videos and again none of them say that they will not do this, rather they all say you can control the volume on it and they have XLR and RCA outputs. That's not telling you that you can't control volume at the XLR output. Whether the info is correct or not I'd leave to other end users but just doing a search via DuckDuckGo returns an AI answer that says NO, you can't control the volume at the XLR outputs on the Fiio K13 R2R. Sad that I had to find that out from an AI source sifting through other forums but these Mfgs don't want to tell people that, I guess to make sales before the buyer finds out.

Anyway, if anyone has any recommendations that can fit the bill and stay reasonably low in cost as this is just a Mac sending audio to 2 speakers I'd be much obliged.
 
What I need most is a DAC/preamp that can auto sense, accept and convert audio files from 16 bit 44kHz up to at least 24 bit 192kHz with the ability to adjust the volume output on the XLR outputs.
FWIW I use my Topping DX5 Lite for this, it works great. Volume on XLR/RCA or both simultaneously.

I feel like XLR not having volume control is actually pretty unusual...? More often you see RCA 'line outs' which tend to be at a fixed volume.
 
I'll take a look at the DX5, thanks! I personally don't see the need for XLR outputs unless you have a long run to make which in my case I do. But if they're just doing conversion and spitting it full blast I don't see who would have their DAC on one side of the room and a separate Preamp on the other side of the room. As they're advertised the ZH3 has XLR out, the ZA3 has XLR in. Their youtube advertisers tend to push viewers into using them in mono mode. So who would listen to anything in mono? No one. Their youtube advertisers tend to push people to get 2 and run them as mono block amps. So another question is, who in their right mind would run a line level sign L&R separate and then have to go adjust the volume on each amp? No one that I know of. So in that event, you turn them both all the way up and use a preamp, as they advertise the ZH3 as a DAC/preamp. They just don't tell you it's really only a full featured preamp for the headphones and a passthru DAC out the XLRs since you can't take advantage of all the features of the device through the XLRs. To use the volume control out the XLR's you're forced into low end bit rates from what I can tell. Fosi says you won't have UAC control in AUX mode. That doesn't tell you whether you can set the ZH3 to UAC 2.0 then switch to AUX and get full UAC 2.0 ability from the device. UAC "control" doesn't tell anyone whether that means it reverts to UAC 1 or can be set to UAC 2 and then just lose the ability to switch or not. I think this is either the new way people think over there or just a very poor grasp of the english language, I dunno.
 
Eversolo Z8 here. Same thing. Gets s/pdif (coax and optical) or USB (UAC2) as input, and outputs to RCA and/ot XLR. Both volume controlled.
 
This is from the Fosi ZH3 page. You can see the NJU72315 in the circuit diagram. This NJU72315 device is a volume control chip (that, according to its datasheet, provides volume control in 2 dB steps from 0 dB to -62 dB, plus mute). If this diagram from Fosi is correct, the NJU72315 control the volume of both the DAC and RCA inputs. So I am not too sure if the impression that there is no volume control on the device for the XLR (and other) outputs is correct.

gempages_477252102637224875-db044341-d793-4ef9-aa12-f5a4edc21587.png
 
Eversolo Z8 here. Same thing. Gets s/pdif (coax and optical) or USB (UAC2) as input, and outputs to RCA and/ot XLR. Both volume controlled.
A bit more than I wanted to spend but it does look like it fits the bill.
 
This is from the Fosi ZH3 page. You can see the NJU72315 in the circuit diagram. This NJU72315 device is a volume control chip (that, according to its datasheet, provides volume control in 2 dB steps from 0 dB to -62 dB, plus mute). If this diagram from Fosi is correct, the NJU72315 control the volume of both the DAC and RCA inputs. So I am not too sure if the impression that there is no volume control on the device for the XLR (and other) outputs is correct.

gempages_477252102637224875-db044341-d793-4ef9-aa12-f5a4edc21587.png
Sweet info sir. Actually I got the information directly from Fosi support. You can control the volume at the XLR outputs only if you're in AUX mode. In AUX mode all DSP is absent and all you get is volume. Here's a clip from their email:

4. Can I control the XLR volume and still use Bass/Treble?​

Unfortunately, this is the limitation we need to make especially clear.

When the ZH3 is operating in either AUX or LO output mode, the following adjustments are unavailable:

  • Bass
  • Treble
  • Gain
  • UAC settings
So what does UAC settings not being available actually mean? Does it mean you just can't change it or does it mean you have no control over it? The answer I should have gotten was: If you're connecting this to a Mac and need UAC 2.0 functionality AND adjustable volume at the XLR you need to set up the ZH3 in UAC 2.0 mode first, then when you connect it to your Mac you will have access to the full range of bit depth the device can provide.

Either that answer or: If you're connecting this to a Mac and require volume control out of the XLR outputs you cannot use UAC 2.0 to achieve the full bit depth available on the device, you would be limited to 16bit-48kHz bit depth and the device will not recognize higher bit rates even if your Mac is set higher and the files you send are higher.

Instead they say you don't have access to UAC settings. That means very little. What I actually need is an actual owner of one of these to set theirs to AUX and push a 24 bit 192kHz file through it and let me know if they can get it to accept and pass it correctly or if it stays stuck at 16 bit 48kHz.

Or I just need a kind soul with vast experience to point me in the right direction or tell me what I want isn't possible, although from the two suggestions you guys made it appears I can get volume control at the XLRs and still get auto sensing bit rate detection and playback from at least the two mentioned. I'm total novice in this space and have no idea what all these devices are technically capable of. I'm waiting for someone to tell me what I want doesn't exist, that would put an end to this :)

edit: I think I wasn't very clear in this post either so to make it painfully obvious, in UAC 1.0 mode the highest bit rate you can pass is 16 bit/48kHz. I need at least 24 bit 192kHz for most of my files. I'd probably keep the unit if all I was doing with it was playing computer games on it but I need it for playback of hi res files only. If I can't use any EQ or dynamics I'd still keep it but I do need volume control AND UAC 2.0 functions at the same time.
 
The Fosi manual is pretty confusing, but I think I got the gist of it. Basically, here are what I think:
  1. The gain settings are only for the headphone amp since the sensitivities of various models of headphones can vary a lot. The circuitry for changing the gains (L M & H) are only implemented in the headphone amplifier section. Since this is not usually a problem for pre-amp outputs, IMO this should be fine.
  2. The EQ are bass and treble level (i.e. tone) adjustments. The circuitry for it is also only implemented in the headphone amplifier section, and therefore they are not available for the XLR and RCA outputs.
  3. The UAC selection is only applicable when using USB input, and is therefore greyed out when the input is either coax, optical, or RCA.
 
This seems to be some sort of impossibility from what I can tell
Most balanced desktop DACs have volume control for the XLR Line/Pre output.

If the Fosi doesn't, then it's in the minority.

E.g. Topping E50 II and SMSL D-6S are decent options.

The Topping has onboard EQ and when enabled in the menu, very high output voltage of 11Vrms.

Also, please elaborate what you mean by auto sense.
 
Yes that would be truly bizarre, anything labeled as a preamp, the one fundamental function out of dozens of type categories and hundreds of possible function combinations, is volume control over the line level output.

No matter what any manual or employee of the manufacturer says, I would place a big bet with long odds your fear is nonsense.
 
Most balanced desktop DACs have volume control for the XLR Line/Pre output.

If the Fosi doesn't, then it's in the minority.

E.g. Topping E50 II and SMSL D-6S are decent options.

The Topping has onboard EQ and when enabled in the menu, very high output voltage of 11Vrms.

Also, please elaborate what you mean by auto sense.
I'll look into those 2, and thanks for mentioning them. EQ itself isn't a dealbreaker nor are the filter presets like dynamic etc. although it would have been nice to check the effect. The ones I've checked out were the ones splattered all over youtube like Fiio K13 R2R, Fosi ZH3. Neither of which can adjust volume at the XLR's either not at all or not without killing off the ability to play higher res files than 16/48.

What I mean by autosense is rather than having to manually set bit rates constantly every time I play a file with a different rate I expect the device to sense the incoming bitrate from Audirvana and correctly adjust itself to properly decode the file at the same bitrate as Audirvana is feeding it as it finds the file, bitperfect I believe is the term used.

I seem to be losing some folks on this... the ZH3 CAN control the volume at the XLR inputs if it is set to AUX mode, but they've given me no indication whether I will be stuck at gameboy bitrates if the unit is in AUX mode or not, the only say "UAC settings adjustment is not available".

Wasn't thinking of going over the entire ordeal with this and Fosi but for the sake of clarity I'll explain more. I contacted Fosi to see if they could provide a discount code on their stuff on Amazon just as they have on their own website. The reason for this was to protect myself as much as possible from what could have turned out to be junk, I could return it no questions asked to Amazon. In contrast, Fosi's website clearly states if I return it because it sucks I'll have to pay return shipping (to Rancho Cucamonga CA no less) which is far from me and shipping would be a nice dent whereas I can return to Amazon without paying shipping. I also did not want them shipping me the devices from China either. I don't wish to be put down as the importer of record on goods coming from China and didn't trust that I wouldn't also be hit with tariffs on it either. So I tried to wrangle a code from them for Amazon through the chat because they are still the merchant getting paid via Amazon. The code they gave didn't work after several tries and chats. They did advise that they had stock of these in the US so I took a chance and ordered directly from them. That same day I continued on trying to learn more about these devices and found the comment on Amazon that when using XLR out's it's full blast only and no volume control. That's when I emailed their support team to clarify and the result of that email is now being posted here:

Yuki2026-08-14 20:06:58
Dear Customer,
Thank you very much for your detailed message and for taking the time to explain exactly how you plan to use the ZH3 with your Mac mini M4 and two ZA3 amplifiers.
We completely understand why you would want to confirm these functions before opening the box, especially since the ability to control the XLR output level from the front panel is essential for your planned system.
We have carefully checked the ZH3 operating information, and we would like to clarify each point for you clearly.
1. Can the front volume knob control the XLR output when using USB input?
Yes.

When using USB as the input source and setting the ZH3 output mode to AUX, the front-panel volume knob can control the output level of the XLR outputs.

So your planned connection:

Mac mini M4 → USB → ZH3 → XLR → ZA3 amplifiers

can use the ZH3 as a variable-output preamp when the ZH3 is set to AUX mode.

In AUX mode, the RCA and XLR outputs operate as preamp outputs, and their volume can be adjusted from the front-panel volume control.


2. Is the Amazon comment saying that XLR is always full output correct?​

Not in every output mode.

The behavior depends on whether the ZH3 is set to AUX or LO mode:


  • AUX mode: XLR output volume is adjustable
  • LO mode: XLR output is fixed and cannot be adjusted with the volume knob
Therefore, if you want to control the XLR output volume from the front panel, you should use AUX mode, not LO mode.

3. Do I need to keep the ZH3 in AUX mode to control the XLR volume?​

Yes.

For your USB → ZH3 → XLR → ZA3 setup, AUX mode is the correct output mode if you want variable XLR output volume.

In LO mode, the line output is fixed. For reference, the fixed line-output level is approximately:


  • RCA: 2 Vrms
  • XLR: 4 Vrms
and the front-panel volume control does not adjust the output level in LO mode.

4. Can I control the XLR volume and still use Bass/Treble?​

Unfortunately, this is the limitation we need to make especially clear.

When the ZH3 is operating in either AUX or LO output mode, the following adjustments are unavailable:

  • Bass
  • Treble
  • Gain
  • UAC settings
Therefore, with:

USB input + AUX output mode



you can control the XLR output volume, but Bass and Treble adjustment will not be active.


5. Will the ZH3 therefore do exactly what you need?​

It will satisfy one very important part of your requirement:

You can use USB input and control the XLR output level going to your ZA3 amplifiers directly from the ZH3 front volume knob by using AUX mode.



However, it cannot simultaneously provide adjustable XLR output and Bass/Treble control.

We want to be completely transparent about this because you specifically mentioned that having both functions at the same time is important to you, and we certainly do not want you to open the unit expecting functionality that it cannot provide.

We sincerely apologize for the confusion caused by the different descriptions you encountered in the manual, website materials, and customer comments. We completely understand why this made it difficult to determine how the ZH3 actually behaves.

If front-panel XLR volume control alone is sufficient, then the ZH3 can accomplish this in AUX mode.

However, if both variable XLR output and active Bass/Treble adjustment at the same time are essential requirements, then unfortunately the ZH3 would not fully meet that particular requirement.

Thank you again for checking with us before opening the product. We truly appreciate your careful approach and your support of Fosi Audio.

If you would like, please feel free to tell us exactly which inputs, outputs, and tone-control functions are essential for your system, and we would be happy to help determine whether another setup would better suit your needs.Wishing you all the best!

Best regards,

----------

We're always glad to hear your ideas and feedback!

Yuki | Fosi Audio Support Team



Very kind folks there and they did appear to try hard. They even sent a specific link with a 15% code that appeared to go directly to Amazon. I had no intention of actually using the link out of an email to enter credit card info as I had no idea how legit the link was, that can easily be faked and we are talking about China regardless of what most of us want to think about them as a country. So rather than take that chance I decided to take the chance on buying direct through their website which uses an american processing company with the thought that it SHOULD ship from within the USA and it in fact did. So now those devices are in transit via FedEx to me, and it is only now that I'm finding out that the ZH3 may not be able to decode and play anything higher than nintendo level bit rates if I want to use the volume control over XLR. As you can read in their email they mention nothing about what the UAC setting will be if I am in AUX mode and that is the true issue here, will it stay in UAC 2.0 if I set it there and then go back and switch over to AUX mode. I don't know because they never told me that and honestly I never asked them because I had no clue that it would or wouldn't until I looked into the "can't adjust UAC settings" thing came up.

Yes, I have since posed this question to them in an email but as they are located in China and are a day ahead they are not available to answer the question until after the device has shown up. They don't necessarily answer within a day or two either, it's kind of hit and miss. So as I mentioned to them and they respond back in their reply, I don't want to even open the box if it can't do what I need and that if I find that it can't I need to send it back without opening the box. I also mentioned that this feature or lack of it is presented nowhere in any advertising and nowhere on their youtube affiliate channels selling the device. I asked that if this device does not perform as expected that I be given an RMA and ship it back on their dime. Their user guide, media material and youtube employees directly do not mention this and I thought it appropriate that they take it back if unopened, with an RMA for all the trouble and lack of communication.

I could let it sit here and wait until they get back to me with the hopes they understand the question I've asked of them OR I could come here and ask someone who actually has one of these to check and see what happens when the set it to AUX and try to pass a higher bitrate file through it.

That's where I'm at, needing someone to try running a high res file through it when set to AUX and let me know what it's doing if it's possible to even tell. That would give me enough data to determine if I want to open the box and try it myself. Or I could wait as long as it takes to get a response and hope that they understood my question the first time before it gets too far and I can't get an RMA on it.

Don't NEED EQ
Don't NEED the filter settings
Don't NEED the settings to be "available" when in AUX mode, but I
DO NEED the device to already be set in UAC 2.0 mode WHEN I switch it to AUX and I need it to stay there so I can get the higher bitrates I'm buying the unit for.

If so many other units can do what I need in this price range why is this such a problem for Fosi to get right?
 
Last edited:
thought I'd just add this here just in case.....

Fosi ZH3 Bit Rate in UAC 1.0 Mode​

The Fosi ZH3 supports a maximum sampling rate of 44.1kHz when operating in UAC 1.0 mode. This means that the bit rate will typically be aligned with standard CD-quality audio, which is 16-bit.

Summary of UAC 1.0 Mode Specifications​

FeatureSpecification
Maximum Sampling Rate44.1kHz
Bit Depth16-bit
This configuration is suitable for standard audio playback, ensuring compatibility with a wide range of audio sources.
Forbes fosiaudio.com

If I can't select UAC 2.0 in AUX or set it there and keep it there when I switch to AUX mode then I don't need the unit
 
Please do note, that al(most al)l the modern DACs' USB input operate in UAC2.
A CD player outputting on coax or optical has nothing to do with it.

A CD player with USB output will, most probably, be UAC1, and synchronous, unless it is a dada-drive, which is a completely different story.
 
Please do note, that al(most al)l the modern DACs' USB input operate in UAC2.
A CD player outputting on coax or optical has nothing to do with it.

A CD player with USB output will, most probably, be UAC1, and synchronous, unless it is a dada-drive, which is a completely different story.
Hey we're getting closer! What trips me up is what you're saying would mean the device will operate in UAC 2.0 if I connect a Mac to it. If it can then there would be no need to have a setting in the device to set it at one or the other UAC level. I would HOPE that it would detect it when plugged in but again, why would there be a specific setting for UAC if it can detect it on it's own and set the DAC accordingly?

Thanks for that response though sir, very close to something I can use to help make a determination.
 
What I mean by autosense is rather than having to manually set bit rates constantly every time I play a file with a different rate I expect the device to sense the incoming bitrate from Audirvana and correctly adjust itself to properly decode the file at the same bitrate as Audirvana is feeding it as it finds the file, bitperfect I believe is the term used.
That's not generally something a DAC can do.

It only plays what is being sent by the USB host.

It's the USB host that needs to be configured correctly to play your tracks at their native rates and without resampling which is then called bit-exact.

Once configured that way, it does not matter which DAC you use so long as it supports the highest sample rate that you intend to play. They'll all be "auto sense", because USB DACs inherently are (they sense the sample rate and bit depth sent by the USB host).
 
why would there be a specific setting for UAC if it can detect it on it's own and set the DAC accordingly?
A manual UAC1 toggle is required to make the DAC compatible with the PS5 and Nintendo Switch.
 
A good choice would be the MOTU M4. I have used one extensively and it has good quality conversion, USB input up to 24 bit 192khz and a good digital volume control that has hard stops (ie: it doesn't just spin) that controls the XLR outputs. There is a review on this site. Good luck with your search!
Edit: If there is a need for UAC 1 for the usb (if you are using game machines etc) then I would recommend the Topping DX-1 ii, which adds full PEQ capabity to it.
 
If I can't select UAC 2.0 in AUX or set it there and keep it there when I switch to AUX mode then I don't need the unit
From what I can read from the Fosi manual, you should be able to (with USB input and AUX output) switch UAC mode and have volume control, but not EQ (bass and treble tone control), for the XLR and RCA outputs.

Here is from the manual ...
(Note: PO mode means headphone output mode; LO mode means pure DAC mode with XLR/RCA line output; AUX mode means pre-amp mode with XLR/RCA line output).
  • Functioning mode: USB input:
    For AUX or LO output mode, EQ, bypass, and gain selections are not supported. This makes sense as the EQ (bypass is to bypass the EQ) and gain settings circuitry is in the headphone amplifier section only. Note that there is no mentioning of UAC switching being unavailable, which makes sense.
  • Functioning mode: optical/coax input:
    UAC switch not available, which makes sense as UAC mode is not applicable for optical or coax input. Again, no EQ and gain selection for AUX and LO output modes.
  • Functioning mode: RCA input:
    UAC switch not available/applicable. In PO (headphone output) mode, you can select EQ (and bypass) and gain selection. In LO or AUX mode, there is basically nothing to select (difference is LO mode has fixed output, i.e. no volume control). The manual says "only input and output selection available", but this is already RCA input mode and AUX/LO output mode (i.e. XLR/RCA output)!
Volume control is implemented downstream of the DAC section (after the DAC anti-imaging analog LPF). The DAC and volume control should be completely unaware of each other. There is no logical reason the link UAC mode to the bypass mode of volume control (which one works purely digitally and the other works entirely in the analog signal domain).

Fosi _ZH3.png
 
You should plug in headphones to confirm UAC2 mode.

Then AUX mode will be at full resolution, as sent from source.

That really is all there is to it.

And note that in objective reality, going higher than 44.1/48kHz delivers n o audible benefit for playback anyway.
 
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