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What role should listening play in speaker design

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Another related and possibly interesting question that is more relevant for active speakers perhaps, is how aggressively you should correct a speaker. Going purely by the measurements, I should without a doubt employ 20+ high Q EQ points to the tweeter to make the on-axis as flat as possible. Will this however sound better or worse than three low Q EQ points (the measurement of the latter will look worse)?
As an engineer in a completely different area I would say some resonances migth move some are inherent and constantly the same.
Can this vary with unit to unit variation ? Or vary over time as the driver ages ?

Can you lean on some pshyco acoustical science here ? Very narrow dips or peaks especially dips are said to be almost inaudible with music ?

Edit: sometimes it best to do nothing.
 
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when measurements (incl. directivity) aren’t available
Yes, of course: when we have no good method, we must make do with the bad methods that are available to us. The carpenter, for want of a hammer, must use his shoe.

But that's not what we're talking about here at all.
 
it’s also interesting to see how perceived sound relates to measurements (since a lot of audiophiles believe that relationship is very poor).
no, because sighted impressions are not reliably "perceived sound" but rather some mishmash of perceived sound, perceived sight, and biases and preconceptions, in variable ratios that we can never disentangle without controlled blind testing.
 
He is asking if anyone can build a decent driver without measurements. My reply would be a clear no.
And mine would be a very clear: Yes, of course.
We're talking about a single driver, right? Let's take a standard 25.4 mm / 1" dome tweeter.
I think even a mediocre speaker designer at a major company could provide them with a schematic that would work for a replica. The rest is just measurement and fine-tuning.
 
It depends on what you're optimising for. I would assume your models are primarily aimed at living room (far field) listening. So unless directivity is perfect, a balance wil have to be made somewhere.

Not intended as criticism but a sincere question: have you considered moving towards non-coaxial models? There are some difficulties with most available coaxial drive units that I believe are making your process a bit harder than it should be. Just one thing I noticed but the coaxial unit you use has a distinct flare up which shows up in the off-axis behaviour, and is quite clear in the side-wall reflection average. Again not intended as criticism, but could it be that your tuning by ear process is simply trying to balance out these inherent little quirks?

No system will ever be perfect, so there will always be compromises to be made. Personally I very much enjoy the combination of soundstage and imaging precision of coaxial drivers, and consider both the two coxial drivers I currently use to be very competent. It also allows for making quite compact 4-way systems. So I see no compelling reason to do that.

Product development is of course also never a purely academic exercise of perfect function. One has to also do frustratingly subjective things like build a brand identity and connect emotionally with an audience. I have deliberately made many choices to make the products relatively niche and with relatively few competitors. While choosing coaxial designs is largely a functional one, it is also one of several things that help set the products apart from most of the competition.
 
And mine would be a very clear: Yes, of course.
We're talking about a single driver, right? Let's take a standard 25.4 mm / 1" dome tweeter.
I think even a mediocre speaker designer at a major company could provide them with a schematic that would work for a replica. The rest is just measurement and fine-tuning.

We may be misunderstanding each other. I would suggest that anyone building a driver would start by setting some target T/S parameters, and then both simulating them beforehand and measuring to verify these (as well as the frequency response) afterwards. I would consider all of this to be measurements (not just the frequency response).

I guess someone who had already designed lots of drivers could create a decent one by copying something (s)he had already done from memory, but I'm not sure I see the point of that exercise. :)
 
I'm not sure I see the point of that exercise.
There is no point. It's just hypothetic.
No, we're talking about a nice coaxial, the decent I described earlier.
A complete redesign of the two drivers—probably not.
If an experienced loudspeaker designer combines two drivers he knows inside and out into a coaxial design—that’s more likely to work.

But coaxial loudspeakers, in particular, don’t always behave as one might expect.
That’s why, no, a coaxial design without measurements will, at best, end up below average.
 
The sighted listening effect (SLE) is stronger than most people are likely to accept without it being proven to them personally via experimental participation. Hence the never-ending resistance online...because so few people will have that opportunity to experience it personally in a validly constructed experiment.

As you know, I have conducted plenty of blind tests, and I am personally familiar with the experience of my sighted impressions being undermined by the blind test results.

Everything I say on the matter of evaluating gear comes with the caveats that bias effects could be playing a role.


If the Chinese speaker had the rising response, it would be unsurprising if it were described in sighted listening comparisons as relatively tinny, sharp, and anaemic in the bass, whereas the audiophile speaker might be described as solid and smooth with high liquidity and musicality.

In other words, even in your own attempt at an anecdote, the essential differences between the Sonic profile of those loudspeakers could be perceived, even if the preference is spun differently.

After all if speakers measuring differently like that had no predictive value whatsoever as to how the sound would be perceived… again…. What’s the relevance measure measurements?

That is the order of magnitude of SLE strength that we need to account for. To pretend that we can be immune to it is wishful thinking. Maybe even denialism.

None of this has anything to do with being immune to the “SLE.”

It has to do with the fact that in every day life we’re not able to evaluate things under scientific conditions, and so we have to understand what type of tentative conclusions are reasonable to draw under lower confidence levels.

Unbalanced scepticism about informal listening impressions, taken to an extreme, ruling out people usefully communicating about hearing similar sonic properties, looks more like denialism.

It becomes like fixating on examples from the science of optical illusions to conclude it’s never reasonable to draw inferences using our sight in every day life.

At one point you really do have to start to put together a coherent epistemology on this, that doesn’t look like you are “ appealing to optical illusions to wave away the reasonableness of anybody referencing their sighted impressions.”

So for instance, if you’ve paid attention to Erin’s reviews you could notice how his informal listening impressions before he measures lined up quite well usually with the measurements in terms of dispersion characteristics, imaging character characteristics, frequency response profiles, etc.

Now, if you and Erin sat down and listened to the B&W and Talon speakers depicted earlier, how likely or not do you think it that Erin would be able to articulate certain differences in sonic character between the two, that you would recognize in what you perceive as well?

Is it your view that even in this case, it would have to be a total crapshoot and you’d have no expectation of perceiving anything like the same thing?

If so, again that has some pretty strange consequences for the relevance of any speaker measurements at all in terms of how speakers are normally used by listeners.
 
Thanks “staff” for for creating a separate tread . It was needed .

I will however just be a reader for now , It’s beyond my competence and experience for now :) but keep a civil discussion going
 
I just really don't want to learn that stuff or be influenced by it, since it's the stock-in-trade of the grifters and snake oil salesmen and I don't have any need of it anyway.

Ok so that’s what it comes down to.
You didn’t answer my question in regards to the scenarios I gave you, but in the end, you’re just not interested in that type of communication.

Which is of course perfectly fine for you to take that position for your own goals. So long as the position is not extended to hyper-skeptical claims that this form of communication is not of use to anybody else.

As I say: a tool is only useful if you choose to use it.
 
Are studio monitors also designed without listening?
I mean what In their design process make them more accurate than most hi fi speakers?
 
I think the title of this thread is "clickbait". Using measurements while checking and fine tuning with listening by the designer is hardly "without measuring". What people say in a marketing video aimed at a less technical audience needs to be listened to in context. "Magic / Secret Sauce" sells to this market so AJ wouldn't be doing his job without throwing in a little bit of magic. This video is not a peer reviewed presentation to a scientific forum afterall.
 
What he probably communicates at his interviews is what most people want to hear, and most people are short of allergic to heavy technical insights. He's probably going with the flow and his target demographic.

Exactly, it's likely a branding/marketing exercise.

I was talking to two amplifier designers at our last hifi show. One of them sells a Class AB amp that he designs and manufactures himself for a fairly reasonable price. He said "I can't believe that people are willing to pay >$100k for an amplifier!". I told him: "this is what you do. Take your amplifier and stuff it into a really nice and expensive case. No need to change the design, just make sure the build quality and aesthetics are elevated. Tell everyone that you have turned over a new leaf. Say that in your younger days, you believed in oscilloscopes, measurements, low THD, etc. but that was not the path to sound quality. Now that you are older, you have realized that superior sound is not just measurements, it must involve the listening experience".

He said: "you cynical bastard, you're telling me to sell the same amplifier for 10x the price but with different marketing spin?". The other amplifier designer, who was chuckling away, said "he's right, that's what you should do". I pointed out it will cost him next to nothing, and such a halo product might improve the sales of his more reasonably priced amplifier. If it also had a suitable upgrade in aesthetics. He muttered something about "it will cost me my conscience".
 
What people say in a marketing video aimed at a less technical audience needs to be listened to in context. "Magic / Secret Sauce" sells to this market so AJ wouldn't be doing his job without throwing in a little bit of magic.
It is also appropriate to criticise him for doing so, if as you say, 'doing his job' includes deception.

After all, 'snake oil salesmen' are just doing their job. Doesn't make it okay.

cheers
 
“Sales pitches for audio gear, apart from citing measurements, are inherently deceptive and unethical and not okay” is an ideological stance that I can’t recognize as reasonable.
 
Exactly, it's likely a branding/marketing exercise.

I was talking to two amplifier designers at our last hifi show. One of them sells a Class AB amp that he designs and manufactures himself for a fairly reasonable price. He said "I can't believe that people are willing to pay >$100k for an amplifier!". I told him: "this is what you do. Take your amplifier and stuff it into a really nice and expensive case. No need to change the design, just make sure the build quality and aesthetics are elevated. Tell everyone that you have turned over a new leaf. Say that in your younger days, you believed in oscilloscopes, measurements, low THD, etc. but that was not the path to sound quality. Now that you are older, you have realized that superior sound is not just measurements, it must involve the listening experience".

He said: "you cynical bastard, you're telling me to sell the same amplifier for 10x the price but with different marketing spin?". The other amplifier designer, who was chuckling away, said "he's right, that's what you should do". I pointed out it will cost him next to nothing, and such a halo product might improve the sales of his more reasonably priced amplifier. If it also had a suitable upgrade in aesthetics. He muttered something about "it will cost me my conscience".

Ha! That’s perfect! I wouldn’t doubt it would work :-)
 
It is also appropriate to criticise him for doing so, if as you say, 'doing his job' includes deception.

After all, 'snake oil salesmen' are just doing their job. Doesn't make it okay.

cheers

Where exactly is the “ deception?”

That would denote deliberate falsehoods.

AJ, like many speaker designers in the high-end industry, states that listening plays a part in his design process. He seems to feel it is an important part in his own process.

Do you have information we don’t have suggesting that he’s being dishonest about this?

It’s not always helpful to default to the most nefarious characterization.
 
I would like to summarize what the various POVs (edit: that I am reading on this thread) of speaker design as it pertains to listening test:

Camp 1) Yes, use measurements, but using uncontrolled, possibly unrepeatable listening tests conducted by the designer (and possibly others) is a key ingredient and it is OK and encouraged for the designer to freely, arbitrarily and subjectively adjusts the on-axis and/or off-axis frequency response as they deemed "accurate" and/or "artistic." Based on many posts by @sigbergaudio, that is not his MO, he does NOT do this. But if I am understanding this right, members such as @Arindal is on this camp. And we suspect AJ to be on this camp as well.

Camp 2) Yes, use measurements, but use listening tests (and not every listening test needs to be a formal controlled, repeatable with a statistically significant amount of test subjects), along with more measurements to decide on engineering trade off's between a flat anechoic response vs. in-room response, with the goal to achieve a smoother in-room response for either on-axis or a broader listening window and depending on the use cases that the speaker is designed for. This sounds like @sigbergaudio. And I can accept this because designing a speaker with excellent directivity control is hard and not all speakers have the same use cases, i.e. on-wall/in-wall speakers, solo listening, home theater, etc. Although, I personally am in the position where I don't have to make cost compromises in buying a speaker with excellent directivity, such that I am expecting a ruler flat on-axis. So while I accept this, the engineering compromises aren't applicable to my situation.

Camp 3) No compromises should be made to the on-axis response because that is the most important factor. You should only aim for ruler flat response. Of course, this assumes the overall speaker is half way decent designed. I am on this camp, but it's easy for me to say this since I am able to seek out and willing to spend the money on speakers with excellent directivity; and the systems in my house has one use case: me, the singular, stationary listener without too much room constraints.
Edit: listening tests is also conducted, but it is used as a sanity check and only do so in a controlled and repeatable manner. If the results aren't as expected, a scientific investigation is conducted to make sense of it and any design flaws are fixed without compromising the ruler flat frequency response and without making the directivity any worse.

Camp 4) Able to make a speaker with superb directivity, ruler flat on-axis response, absolutely believe in measurements but have controlled and repeatable listening tests demonstrating that in real life use cases, the audience actually prefer something different than what Dr. Toole's research demonstrates. That is the KEF camp, where they have a slightly more aggressive downward tilt.
 
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Are studio monitors also designed without listening?
I mean what In their design process make them more accurate than most hi fi speakers?

The job of BOTH is accurate sound reproduction. Monitors are often active/powered, whereas home speakers are usually passive (except for subwoofers). And they are sold into different markets. A lot of "small monitors" are simply active desktop speakers, usually with no grill, and many hi-fi speakers are better.


...Floyd Toole says large main studio monitors are designed to be played loud and reliably 24/7.
 
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