The methodology I used in these experiments is very easy:
1. Select a track you like a lot, are very familiar with, has great recording quality, and pick wisely. I use a 90 second section of Kevin Mahogany's "Never Can Say Goodbye" (album is "Pride and Joy"). I pick the percussion solo towards the end. And put it into WAV.
2. Transcode to FLAC and LAME (MP3) 320k.
3. Create a playlist that contains 6 tracks of each.
4. Shuffle it a few times and play.
5. As you listen, write down which track is MP3 and which track is FLAC.
6. Check for results.
I'll leave it to your imagination to make sure there are no visible differences in what your equipment shows you on its display(s), and how to make sure you know which is which when you correlate at the end. I just have to look up the bitrates in the Lyrion Music Server after the test, the file names I see on the Squeezebox Touch are all identical, I can't tell as I am listening.
I get it 72% right via speakers, and 75% via headphones. But it is a silly exercise, because they both sound fabulous when one listens to the song, not the artifacts. But the level of attention to such minuscule detail differences is utterly unenjoyable. Ugh. Do it once and be honest to yourself as to how much it matters in enjoying music. Anyone that claims it's "easy" is bluffing unless they have some sort of trick up their sleeve, IMO, whether it's intentional or not.
For me, the difference between 320k and lossless is mostly really relevant for archival purposes. But like someone else said, if I have the FLAC, why not?
PS: And yes, the sequence above is heavily curated to the listener's advantage. And yet I'll get it wrong 1 out of 4 times. Mix up many different tracks etc and the odds will get tougher and tougher.