Mp3 resasemples, it's graph analyser sean and heard when shown (otherwise you probably won't). I whose less interested in decades old codec to hybrid losy Opus and my starting assumption it will fair much better where wrong. Used Power DB to minimise resasampling artifacts and did transcoding locked to single thread. For polifonic up to 32 bit aprouch and when both codecs are used along with smart bandwidth limit it's better on average 128~160 kbps (including all variants of Farens Mpeg and other encoders and same about AAC). You nead to bare in mind shaping and cutting entirely off are different things. You where lazy too search (so am I). So I went evoluting WavePack in it's hibrid form for the task. Representatively I used 96 KHz 24 bit real master and with specific noise flour and range (including wiled saxophone) & on purpose. Again more than 19 bit we don't need and 16 bit with dithering is fine. Have a nice time.
MP3 discards information that advanced psychoacoustic algortihms deem "perceptually unneccessary". It does NOT cut "everything above 16kHz". At lower bitrates, lossy encoders indeed *do* apply a high-frequency low-pass filter -like you said often around 12-16kHz- to conserve bits but they don't simply hack off the brilliance frequency range.
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