4.2 Car AudioConsumers spend considerable time listening to music intheir cars through audio systems that nowadays can be quitegood. These systems can only be measured after installation in the acoustically complex automobile cabin. Fig. 15shows results from U.S. subjective evaluations by Olive andWelti [51] and Clark [52], an Italian study by Binelli andFarina [53], and measurements in five multi-national luxurycars. All boost the bass to compete with the substantial road,aerodynamic, and mechanical noise at low frequencies (insome vehicles this can vary with speed and/or backgroundnoise). There is substantial agreement through the middlefrequencies, including the predicted small-room curve fromFig. 13(a). Apparently, designers wanted cars to sound likegood home systems. Differences in how the in-cabin automotive data are gathered lead to some disagreements incurve shape at very high frequencies. The perceived soundsare likely to be more similar than these measurements indicate