There has been a bunch, some of them quite scientific. The usual conclusion is that the difference is only audible in a few rare (pathological) cases (keys jingling etc.), and even then only if you really know what to listen for. I guess we still have JJ Johnston (the "father of AAC) here on this forum.
Back when DAB was first introduced in the UK, there were articles in HiFi News I recall, describing the sound of the FM technology we were used to (a slight added 'bloom' in the lower midrange that's there regardless of the tuner), but also if my memory holds, the way the BBC were deciding on streaming rate. 192 or so was acceptable, but the programme material had to be spotless as the codec apparently couldn't determine signal from distortion. 256 was judged the best overall, but I'm not sure the BBC went over to that (I've never been a DAB fan and in any case, DAB+ apparently sorts it but isn't backwards compatible I understand).
I've been surprised many times at the high perceived quality of Spotify as well as many recent Youtube uploads, the latter and maybe the former as well apparently 160mbs, believe it or not. I'm not directly aware of bits missing or excess compression (one recent album I did hear compression only to find it on the actual CD when I subsequently bought it!
It's the music that counts after all and I think I've now given up on sinad-chasing or a Klippel addiction, as in the latter, some speakers which deviate from 'true-flat' are deliberately done that way for whatever good or less good reason. My lugs aren't good enough now anyway, which I've had to come to terms with, despite hankering after past rigs I've had the pleasure to have owned.
Back to topic. My own CCA was used for years from its analogue output using an Amazon Basics 3.5 to RCA cable and I never found it wanting, streaming a variety of programme sources (internet radio, aforementioned Youtube as well as FLACs and WAVs via VLC player. It's now playing through the SU1 now the DS2 is on the second rig (no sonic change here) and again, I don't find the SU1 subjectively different, although I've kind of gravitated to the SU1 as it's so good with 'flutter reverb' for want of a better term and it's pretty good with a 3-D perspective I find, at least in the smaller scale rig it's played into. Whether owners of huge speakers in equally huge rooms would feel the same, I'm honestly and these days obviously, not sure
