Yes you are absolutely correct there is no standard that I am aware of, more convention. Poor choice of words on my behalf.Aren't 2.0V/4.0V output line level more like a consensus among manufacturers than a standard? I thought -10dBV/4dBU were the standard? Aren't 2.0/4.0V more like a maximum?
What is then the headroom available on domestic audio inputs (amps/preamps) above the "standard" level? If I'm correct, 2.0/4.0V would already require a +16dB/+10dB headroom above "standard" at the amp/preamp input. Shouldn't we avoid having more than 2.0/4.0V output to avoid the risk of building saturation down the line?
Headroom is entirely dependent on the designers choices. There is no requirement for a specific amount of headroom, I am not sure where you are coming from there, just that the amp / pre-amp doesnt distort with the maximum expected input voltage.