Right,
noise is the thing the most likely thing to be different. But you really need apples-to-apples measurements (you CAN compare the reviews here). You can't really compare manufacturer's specs or different reviewer tests because there are different ways to make the measurements.
But once you drop the stylus the record noise usually drowns-out the preamp noise.
Right! It doesn't take a ton of money to set-up a playback system that's better than the records.
Can I get 10dB more syrup?
There is no such audio characteristic... There is ONLY is noise, distortion and frequency response with the electronics, and with analog vinyl there can be speed issues including wow & flutter, but those aren't usually audible problems unless your turntable is broken.
Does that mean the RIAA EQ is bad and the bass is boosted? Or the other one has bad RIAA EQ with the bass is reduced?
With the RIAA record & playback EQ together the frequency response should be "flat". I don't have any experience with new records but in the vinyl days the frequency response on records varied quite a bit and was generally mediocre with a few rare "good sounding" discs.