52k ohm is correct. 51k ohm gives 46k ohm load, and 56k ohm gives 50k ohm load.
If the 220 pF are the recommended load (what I assume now) then you have to subtract the existing capacitance from this value, which is the sum of
- the capacitance of the internal within within the TT
- the capacitance of the signal cable from TT to audio interface
- the input capacitance of the soundcards input
Chances are that this sum comes close to 220 pf so just omit any additional capacitor for now.
No.
Only if there's a chance for a shortcut. The Neutriks are easy to solder - first solder the resistor to the shield, then the live wire and the other side of the resistor to the pin in the middle, then the wire ground to the shield. Then you won't need any additional insulation.