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Locating bass <80Hz?

ChrisG

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Jun 26, 2023
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Hi all,

Thought this might be an interesting discussion.

I'd like to start with an observation: I think I can reliably hear my subwoofer's location.
Context: 2x Genelec 8030C, 1x Genelec SE7261A, driven from an RME UCX-II. I've used the built-in RoomEQ to implement a 4th order 60Hz lowpass on the AES feed to the subwoofer. The frequency response is good and flat, extending down to just below 20Hz in-room. I've also used the sub's built-in lowpass at 85Hz to absolutely minimise any content in the >100Hz range, where people tend to be able to locate sources very easily.

The subwoofer is a little off to the side from the centre. During music playback, its location is very audible to me, to a point where I'll often leave it switched off to reduce the distraction of it being "wrong".

To expand on my observation a little, test tones sound as you'd expect: they fill the room with no obvious origin, and if I walk around, the level comes and goes.
Playing time-varying signals (music playback, repeated tone bursts, etc) with only the subwoofer switched on, I can point to the source of the sound reliably. If I spin on my chair, the source seems to spin - as would be expected.

I've tried moving the sub to the other side of the TV, re-did the crossover etc etc - same result.

This has been a problem for me in the past, but I'd typically attributed the issue being harmonic distortion generated by the (lower-quality) subwoofer(s) providing me with location cues from the higher-frequency output. The SE7261A, though, is rated for low distortion, and I'm running at very moderate levels. I believe the sub is working correctly, too: no nasty noises etc, even turned up really loud. It sounds clean and flat down to VLF. I can just hear where it is.


You're welcome to tell me I'm crazy. It's a possibility I haven't yet ruled out.

If anyone else has had similar experience, or would like me to do some more testing (I could take binaural measurements to see how much of a level/phase difference there is L-R), let me know.
 
I have two subs in stereo for this reason. Like you said, it could be harmonics we are hearing.
 
For what it's worth I have had a similar experience even with huge 18" 13 cubic ft. subs that have very low distortion. I went "backward" according to ASR recommendations from 4 summed to mono subs to 2 co-located with mains stereo subs and even though the in room response is not as "smooth" I prefer it. I don't think I am as sensitive to location as you are but I believe I prefer the 2 stereo subs because of better time alignment/ time domain response and some recordings sound "off" when summed to mono or maybe just bias. My second favorite alignment was one big sub between the mains.... can you move your sub to the center?
 
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I can reliably locate my single sub when the crossover is over 90Hz or so.

I haven't seen exact, precise research that demonstrates the lower bounds of localization. Psychoacoustics typically doesn't test below 250-500Hz. A good bet is 60Hz based on some research on the audibility of decays: https://www.audiosciencereview.com/...onitor-has-arrived.44760/page-11#post-1638648

That's just a guess, though. I think the lower the decays in a given room, the lower the localizable frequency will be.
 
I've never tried a blind experiment.

I've tried moving the sub to the other side of the TV, re-did the crossover etc etc - same result.
Two subs are probably the best solution. I'm assuming that a center location is not practical for you.

I have two DIY subs at the bottom of my visually-matching DIY speakers for "esthetic" reasons. (Plus more bass is better! :D )

and if I walk around, the level comes and goes.
That's normal standing waves (AKA "room modes") related to wavelength and room dimensions. You get dips & bumps at different frequencies and a different places in the room.

If you play a 5khz tone you'd probably surprised how much the level changes when you turn or move your head slightly. That's the left & right soundwaves mixing in-and-out of phase as well as the reflected waves. We usually don't notice it with music.

With bass frequencies it's more of a problem but more from reflections rather than left-right differences. 80Hz has a wavelength of about 14 feet, so one speaker has to be 7-feet closer to your ears before the soundwaves arrive 180 degrees out-of-phase.
 
All the research I've seen shows subs can be crossed in the 100-150Hz range without localization with a single sub being closer to 100Hz. If localization is occurring then maybe the sub is much louder than the mains or you have a house curve? I like measuring my mains alone, mains + subs and subs alone to see what's going on with my subwoofer integration similar to the below pic, you should have a smooth rolloff of the mains and subs. I'm at 120Hz high pass on my mains with the subs 100Hz low pass and I don't detect any localization but my subs are the same level as my mains.

Bass.jpg
 
I will be so bold as to assume you are hearing the harmonic distortion.

I've heard same car stereos moved between cars, and you can hear bass blur in the hatchback setup versus the think rear seats doing some filtering of upper harm if distortion in a sedan.

From jbl, as you double the drivers, excursion halves and harmonic distortion drops to a quarter.

A push pull can have 25db reduction in the 1st harmonic alone.......
I don't understand why people slot load it and do push push vs push pull........


Perlisten is using push pull subs....
The d215, r212 and a couple others.


M&k did this decades ago.

 
Might be the distortion, but anecdotally I could JUST hear the direction of my (stereo) subs with ~65hz tones. Depending on your room I don't think this is impossible.
 
Is probably a phase issue where the bass play slightly more advanced than the fronts
 
I've once had the illusion of locating the sub under 80 Hz. It stood at the right side of the lowboard, next to a display cabinet (wood and glass, much glass in it too). So I placed the sub on the left side, same result, I still heard it on the right (WTF?). Then I realised, I'm locating the "response" of the cabinet, not the sub itself.
 
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Don't try to test sub's localization with sines, very short chirps work way better as sound does not built up and blur in the room making the location undefined.
A good test is also male, heavy baritone voices, do the subs wrong and you will feel their mouths as been the size of a Mac eighteen wheeler.
Proportions is the key.
 
Griesinger convincingly showed that the direction of decorrelated bass signals can be detected. It is not straight-up pinpoint localization, more of a vague sense.

Lund's work on auditory envelopment is similar in some respects and he recommended a crossover of 60Hz to monoed bass in small rooms.

To be clear, we don't have definitive answers here, only indications.
 
I have recently bought a sub, and can locate it while listening, but that is not realy disturbing my listening experience.
Two subs would be a bit over the top.

My sub costs new 4300 Euro (I bought it second hand at much less).
 
Don't try to test sub's localization with sines, very short chirps work way better as sound does not built up and blur in the room making the location undefined.
A good test is also male, heavy baritone voices, do the subs wrong and you will feel their mouths as been the size of a Mac eighteen wheeler.
Proportions is the key.
Baritone voices is under 80Hz? ... I don't think so. Baritone is from 110Hz and higher ... subwoofer cutted at <80Hz, with steep filter, will not play this.
 
Baritone voices is under 80Hz? ... I don't think so. Baritone is from 110Hz and higher ... subwoofer cutted at <80Hz, with steep filter, will not play this.
A single "p" spoken a certain way can go as low as 20's.
Put some of them at your RTA screen at their solos, I have seen them doing 60's with authority at moments.
 
A single "p" spoken a certain way can go as low as 20's.
... i think just the opposite - single "P" spoken, will have multiple frequency, from lower (but not that low like 20Hz), up to over 200 Hz.
 
... i think just the opposite - single "P" spoken, will have multiple frequency, from lower (but not that low like 20Hz), up to over 200 Hz.
Try it yourself close to a mic, I have, multiple times.
(only watch out not to blow air to the mic, that will be cheating)

Fully spoken raises the whole lower end down to the lowest registers, looks like a little explosion.
 
... i think just the opposite - single "P" spoken, will have multiple frequency, from lower (but not that low like 20Hz), up to over 200 Hz.
Silly test, at the side of the mic so no air to it, about 20 cm far, spectrum view, really low SPL:


pi.PNG
 
I suggest to try 1m from mic - this is more natural. ;)
Who sings 1 meter away from the mic?
You do that only to hit peak SPL up high as a female singer, live, so the technicians will remain at their jobs.
 
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