The Capstan
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Thank you for the kind and exhaustive message. Sorry for this late reply but I was out for a short vacation.Hello and thank you for the kind words!
In the current implementation, the Pico is the clock master and generates all I2S clocks. It is possible to supply external clocks and for the Pico to operate in slave mode but this is not yet part of the firmware.
Many I2S devices (DACs, ADCs, other DSPs) can be configured to function either as a clock master or slave, with the former typically necessitating an onboard crystal oscillator.
Regarding I2S over HDMI connectors (often buffered as LVDS), there is no actual standard for this and pin allocations vary widely by manufacturer. The vast majority of DACs that accept I2S via HDMI connector operate in slave mode but this is by no means a requirement.
Best
Alessandro