Looks like the xlr inputs are at pro level ( about 10db hotter, its actualy 12db difference) and the rca ins are consumer level, which is the way it should be, these are pro monitors.
This is a problem few people seem to be aware of, even at ASR. It was one of the reasons consumer electronics never had xlrs.
You use a consumer source into pro in and your level is low, other way around, distortion and clipping.
What spec do these new consumer devices with xlrs conform to?
I agree here.
Pro spec calls for the DAC to be able to output +24dBu iirc.
My DSP (
Biamp tesiraForte) outputs +24dBu, which equates to around 12 volts RMS or ~30V peak.
I've driven several amps with widely varying sensitivities to their peak levels using tesira gear.
Personally if I had active speakers, I would want them to give me max output with ~+20dBu dBu input on the XLR ports... Like what
Meyer requires for their Ultra X40 (Scroll down): "
Audio source must be capable of producing of +20 dBV (10 V rms) into 600 Ω to produce the maximum peak SPL over the operating bandwidth of the loudspeaker."
Typically when I am doing pro audio work, I try to adjust the speaker gain such that it gives me peak output at full +24dBu input, or 0dBu if the source I'm driving it with gets unhappy above 0dBu. (Or... If I don't need anywhere near peak output I adjust it such that 0dBu input gives me the desired level)
Now to answer the question you posed...
I have no clue what "spec" these things hit lol. If the DAC can only swing +5V output then that isn't hitting pro spec. Maybe it's designed to interface with other consumer equipment that has XLR connections but doesn't expect +24dBu signals? I don't know of any device like that but I also generally focus on the pro audio side of things.
And lastly to sort of respond to OP:
There was definitely something wrong with the setup you had, and if the speakers didn't work for you I agree that sending them back is the right move. If you want to use pro audio monitors going forward, then I'd recommend verifying that your DAC can output 24dBu on the balanced outputs. If it can't output that signal level you will have issues with other monitors, and either way you'd be giving up performance since gain in a DAC is often cleaner than gain in an amplifier.