Here is a general guide which I think you will find orientating. Not everything is specified, nor attempted as uniquely categorized - investigating the below order of topics in the sequence shown is not necessary.
First: Sound is mechanical energy, not electrical energy. Looking into frequencies up to 20,000 Hertz can lead to aspects like pitch and tone.
Second: Unless you are at a live musical event the music has to have been processed. Looking into how processing occurs leads to equalizer usage, masking, aspects like polarity and phase.
Third: Situational listening in a room is not acoustically standard. It's worth to looking into reflections, listening position and options for room treatments.
Fourth: Equipment capability varies. Look into "SNR" (signal to noise ratio), audibility and things like distortion for different types of audio equipment to understand how different product models of the same type of audio equipment can vary in capabilities.
Fifth: Hearing from speakers, headphones and in-the-ears' (iem) works a bit differently. Looking into how the external ear modify arriving sound can lead to understanding how the inner ear works and how the brain is involved in creating musical experience.
Sixth: Cultural and individual music preferences are many. Looking into instrument(s) and human sound production leads to aspects like harmony, rhythm, melody, time, beat, keys, scales, polyphony, a-tonality and such. Here at ASR there are several special music genre posts for exposure to musical variety.
Seventh: Avoid FOMO (fear of missing out) on subtle increments of musical enjoyment and chasing after expensive gear. ASR's host Amir reviews relatively inexpensive equipment that is good. If you haven't heard it yet there's an old joke to the effect : Audiophiles listen to their gear, while music lovers listen to their music.