Have two USB-powered 120mm fans (generic from Amazon) set to medium speed --each beneath one V3 with about an inch between amps. They never get more than slightly warm, regardless of how hard I push them, but ran hot without fans. It concerned me enough that I ordered the fans immediately. I also switched from a shared PSU and added another Fosi 48V 10A PSU, with an extra filter to have one on each. These amps (fed by a ZD3 and ZP3) power A/D/S M15 speakers nicely, and I am very happy with them and with the sense that a reasonable sum can provide significant musical enjoyment. They have replaced Tandberg 3002a/3006a pre/power amps and the DAC in a Squeezebox Duet -- which, in today's dollars equate to a considerably greater outlay but which do not provide commensurate sound improvement, if any.