Why so humble? You guys invented it right?
Don't say that, the Italians will shoot you! Noodles were invented independently by Europeans and Chinese. I say "Europeans" because there is some dispute as to whether it was invented by the Greeks or the Etruscans (predecessors of Romans). Marco Polo's diaries already contained knowledge of pasta, and he compares the Chinese noodles he saw with pasta varieties he had at home.
I make pasta and Chinese noodles from scratch and there are a number of differences.
- There are no extruded noodles in Chinese cuisine.
- Al dente is achieved differently. In pasta, you get al dente by drying and avoiding overcooking. In noodles you add other agents, e.g. an alkali agent that firms up the gluten and makes it chewy. The Chinese would never, ever undercook noodles intentionally.
- Not all Chinese noodles are al dente. Some are very soft.
- There are no Italian noodles I am aware of that are stretched.
- No such thing as steamed noodles in Italian cuisine (how to make it: pour your batter over muslin cloth and steam it until you get a sheet. Then cut it into noodles).
- Chinese noodles are made from a larger variety of grains, e.g. rice, millet, sorghum, konjac, sweet potato, and wheat flour. AFAIK pasta is only made from wheat flour.
- In general, Chinese noodle sauces are more complex than Italian. The simplest Chinese noodle recipe I can think of are soy sauce noodles (light and dark soy sauce, sesame seeds, sesame oil, bean sprouts, rice wine, and spring onion). The simplest Italian pasta recipe I can think of is Pasta con Burro (butter and parmesan) or Olio e Aglio (olive oil, garlic, parsley, and chilli). Chinese noodles are supposed to have complex flavours and textures, whereas Pasta is about making a few ingredients sing.
- There are far more varieties of Chinese noodle soups (and Asian noodle soups in general - every Asian culture has its own noodle soup: think Vietnamese Pho, Malaysian Laksa, Pad Thai, Japanese Ramen and Soba, Korean Ramen, and countless Chinese varieties) than Italian. Italians mostly have boiled pasta mixed with sauce.
- No cheese with noodles. In fact, all East Asian cultures are mostly dairy free. Don't ask me why.
- Chinese have no equivalent of lasagna (boiled noodle sheets baked in an oven). In fact, Chinese have very few baked dishes in general. Only bread is baked, but more often than not bread is roasted, fried, or steamed.
What both cuisines have in common:
- Both have dumplings. Tortellini and Ravioli in Italian, and countless Chinese dumplings. Both cuisines cook dumplings by boiling or deep frying, but Chinese also steam dumplings. Chinese dumplings are rarely doused with sauce (although you can serve it with a dipping sauce), whereas Italian dumplings are usually mixed with sauce.
- Both have versions of noodles with egg and without.
- Both have "pasta fresca" and "pasta secca" (fresh and dried noodles).
I don't think one cuisine is superior to the other, although with the size of China, its long history, and greater variety of produce means that Chinese noodles are much more varied than pasta.
Besides, Carbonara is one of the simplest of dishes, both in terms of ingredients and technique*. As chef Jean-Pierre would say – a child could do it! And there is no excuse for liberal substitutions, either. Guanciale, Pecorino Romano and La Molisana pasta are readily available even in Sydney (where you can’t buy decent black bread), and are not expensive.
Oh, I totally agree! Once you give a dish a name, you have certain expectations. Chinese food isn't as tightly defined as Italian food, so you have certain latitude for your own interpretation. Nobody would frown if you add chicken or shrimp to your egg fried rice, not even Uncle Roger. But definitely no chicken or shrimp in your Carbonara! You can not add non-authentic ingredients to Chinese dishes and still call it Chinese, though. You have to call it something else. For example, Malaysians add
belacan and
sambal to egg fried rice, so they call it Nasi Goreng. And if you stray too far from the original recipe, you must call it something else. For example, Chinese add chicken and salted fish to egg fried rice and they call it "Hum Yue Kai Lup Chow Fun" ("Fried rice with salted egg and shredded chicken"). That's OK, just don't call it egg fried rice.