The visible images in a DAC (or converse HF aliasing in an ADC) often arises from a rather annoying bad habit of some, but not all, DAC makers, who use "half-band filters". There are advantages, every other tap of the filter except at center, is zero, and so you can make the filter longer. This, however, means you're only 6dB down at exactly FS/2. Now you can make those filters long and very, very steep, which is a common choice, but that means right around fs/2 there will be some visible crud.
There are also regularity problems (read Debauchies and Calderbank's regularity paper, which I read long ago, sorry, and haven't a copy) that can bite you with half-band filters. The conclusion is that there must be AT LEAST one zero at fs/2 in the system, but that message has not gotten to a lot of folks, apparently.
Not all DAC's have this problem. Of course, the 'longer filter' also runs more risk of having issues with pre-echo, and some with a 1dB ripple (*&(( well do have pre-echo that's easily audible, but at least most of those have aged out and gone away.
The real problem, of course, is that price rules in chip manufacture, always and forever, at 44 and 48, and that many people making 88/96k ADC/DAC's just stick with the sharp filters rolling off above 40K or so, rather than use a broad transition band, much shorter filter that starts to roll off at maybe 25k or 30k, which gets them completely out of danger at the same time eliminates any chance of audible pre-echo.