My MX Master 3 mouse has configurable controls on it for my PC. I have assigned the thumb wheel to be the windows volume control. Very handy.
You can't have a passive device that alters the volume of a digital signal. Just not possible.
If you are happy with 6dB steps, then chopping off whole bits from integers could be done passively, in a way. To divide by two, you need to route the signal over a parallel path, terminate the lowest bit trace/wire, route every trace/wire to the next lower bit, and put a pull-down resistor to create the new (zero) highest value bit. It's kind of passive, isn't it? You could do that with a 24 or 32 bit wide rotary switch, with 24 or 32 steps.
Each bit = factor 2 in output voltage = factor 4 in power (6dB in either case).
If the signal is signed integer, it get's a bit more complicated.
Do you guys think there is an audiophile market for this? It would be kind of in the opposite corner from the all-analog tubes-only market segment.
I'm thinking $1500, gold-plated contacts of course. ;-)