There are 2 sorts of isolation that get used, one is pukka isolation, where the mass of the object is suspended on a low damping elastic element, with these everything above about 2x the resonant frequency of the mass on the elastic element won't get through.
The other is absorption, where a lossy material is used between the items. Here the vibration is converted to heat in the lossy material, it is cheaper but variable in its frequency effectiveness abd does not usually absorb very well at low frequencies.
A rough rule of thumb is that an isolator which isolates over the full audio range will deflect about 1" when the mass of the object to be isolated is placed on it. If it deflects less it will be isolating from a higher frequency (¼" is probably fine for little desk speakers).
Edit, I forgot the fact that, if you don't isolate your desk top will be behaving like the sound board of a piano and the sound will certainly not be accurate.