It can be done with an op-amp (typically a dual op-amp for stereo) plus some resistors & capacitors (and a power supply, of course). You can find schematics online.
With a DIP-package (through-hole) op-amp you can build it on a
solderless breadboard. I've built quite a few permanent projects on a breadboard, but never a preamp. I built a car alarm that worked for about 20 years before it died... And it was running 24/7, even when not "armed". The only time it was reset/rebooted was when the car battery died and had to be replaced... So that kind of design can be long-term reliable.
Or there are Chinese "hobby" PC board manufacturers that will make a custom board at reasonable cost. And there are some free PCB design applications but, there is a learning curve... I've started playing around with some of these applications and it was VERY frustrating trying to make a "custom" component that's not in the library (by modifying an existing component) and I haven't made a PCB yet. With op-amps, that's not a problem because even they don't have the exact part you're using there is
always something with a similar package & pin-out.
....A million years ago when I was in college I made a phono preamp with a special-purpose preamp chip... It's no longer available but it was similar to an op-amp with built-in resistors for optional use in the feedback circuit. That's when PCB layout was done manually, and the college had a lab that would make circuit boards for as few dollars. I used it until I got a CD player!
I no longer "play records" and I have a different set-up for occasionally digitizing vinyl. But if I needed a phono preamp, I'd buy one.
