@Dan Clark : If I get you right, open headphones have the advantages mentioned above, but lack bass energy. In your first post you mentioned you prefer a more natural frequency response with the ability to push the top and bottom without breaking it. So - if isolation is NOT a requirement, but sub bass IS (from time to time...) - would the open headphone used with EQ reach the bass performance of the closed version but with better soundstage?
And - since I think a bit like @Francis Vaughan and his idea of an Aeon DSP - which version of the Aeon headphones is best concerning THD and group delay? Aeon RT or 2? Open or closed? Since these factors cannot be modified with an equalizer...
I was trying to make a general statement on closed cups and energy storage, apologies if I was unclear. We put a lot of effort into this and from ETHER Flow on now achieve sub-bass parity with our open designs through the architecture and tuning of the driver. AEON 2 headphones are also close but not identical above 1K. So no, for sub-bass open vs closed in our line is not an issue. That said, soundstage and perception of bass are really complex.
The biggest difference is that the open models in the AEON/AEON 2 lines are they have more energy from 100-300Hz which makes them warmer sounding, and moves the "front of stage" a bit closer to the user. That said, the depth in the open is deeper. Be aware that some hear the soundstage as "smaller" for the open becuase the headphone is closer to the stage, while others hear the soundstage as deeper because the far-field sounds like reverb are further out on the open. This is a YMMV based on how you listen to and define soundstage. For my part I consider it the distance from front to back, not how far I am from the stage. I would say the open sounds more "intimate" because you're a few rows closer to the performance but I'd also say "larger space" because reverb is further away in the open. YMMV.
Sub-bass: Some people listen to the open and hear less sub-bass because there's more upper bass while others hear the same sub-bass and more total bass with the open. I suspect some people listen "through" the upper registers to hear the bottom, while some others the upper registers mask the deepest notes, but that's just a theory and again it's a bit of YMMV.
PEQ -4dB from 100-300Hz for the Open to align closer to Harman, if that is your goal, and it will move you a bit further into the audience from the nearest performer.
THD on all our models is very low, in many cases below what we can measure because there's so much compressor, motor, fan, and traffic noise surrounding us it's very hard to reliably get below 0.1-0.05% THD as ambient noise affects the outcome. All our models are at or below the noise floor of our office in THD.
Because of our driver design and the care we put into handling internal cup energy the group delay on the AEONs is almost identical, except that the closed A2 Closed (Blue) has a small blip around 200Hz where cup energy shows up. 1/24 octave smoothing applied to remove ambient noise.