I'll try to explain this as I understand it. The 3+ share the electronics between the ethernet port AND the 4 USB ports. What I read and what John Darko showed and explained was using the Signature One, you will isolate this situation. The dirty board in the middle serves this purpose.
Hence using 2 5v sources to power each board. He states use a better 5v source like a linear power supply OR an Ifi 5v brick for the clean board,. I have the iFi powering the D50s. I am using 2 Raspberry pi 5v supplies 9.00 or so each. I'm waiting for the out of stock battery pack to power the 'clean board'. He further reported the sound was improved further.
I have not tried the USB out of the 3+ to compare. Funny I was thinking of this today. The whole purpose of sticking the Digi signature one in there is to go spdif. I'm not looking for an argument for ones and zeros. All I can report is this: I was using a Windows laptop with Jriver with my SSD library. When I attached the SSD to the 3+ Signature one, for me, there is no turning back. I hear a much clearer presentation across the board. All the noise from the laptop is gone.
I use Volumio with this set up. It's very easy to get going. I run it headless with my Android phone.
I'm a life long professional musician, lead and conduct an 18 piece jazz band yada. I love listening to my modest system.
Now, for something that MAY BE even better. I got a Pi 4. What I read is Raspberry reworked the electrical situation between the ethernet and USB ports. And upgraded from 2.0 to 3.0. And electrically separated them.
I will set this up next AND run my newly acquired Supra USB 1m cable. If this surpasses the 3+ and signature I'll truly be scratching my head!! Now that I know the 4 is better in this respect, others can save 275.00 buying the Signature one.
Whew, thanks for reading my thoughts through this.
Otto
Where to begin...
"All the noise from the laptop is gone" probably gets to the heart of it. You had a ground noise issue with the laptop, a common problem. You switched systems and the ground noise went away - a clear audible improvement. So far so good, and I'm glad you've got something that works for you.
The problem is (your presentation of?) Darko's explanation which is a mixture of half-truth and irrelevance.
There is a genuine potential problem (
issue #2215) with USB audio on Pi models before the Pi 4. It's complicated, but doesn't seem to be related to shared electronics, and it is definitely affected by what software you're running. Search the site for #2215 and you'll probably find one of my more detailed explanations. I said 'potential problem' as many people don't encounter it - I have tried and failed to reproduce it with piCorePlayer, but with the same hardware I can reliably trigger it with Volumio or Raspbian running BruteFIR. If you don't get random pops and clicks (a bit like vinyl) then you don't have this problem. It has nothing to do with how clean the 5V power is.
Hats, whether DAC or digital output, use the I2S interface so avoid issue #2215.
Ground related noise with computers often presents as a low level noise that changes in response to something like moving the mouse, drive access, starting a game etc. This is a modern presentation of the old 'mains hum/buzz' problem - now we have computer activity modulating the leakage current, and the changes make it more noticeable than if it were constant. With 'computers' like the Pi the different leakage properties of the PSU can make a difference, and with 2-prong mains connectors it can be worse one way round than the other. Leakage currents can get out via the ground connection on USB, analog leads, non-isolated digital coax leads and so on. The solutions aren't a mystery - use balanced interconnects that aren't affected by the ground currents, or find and isolate the offending ground connection. Jensen Transformers have some useful application notes on this, among others. Toslink inherently provides isolation. Coax spdif is sometimes transformer isolated - for example you can see the transformer behind the socket on the HifiBerry Digi+ Pro, whereas the Standard doesn't have one. Cables or adapters that creatively abuse the USB standard may or may not help, and may or may not cause compatibility issues.
This isn't to say noise on the USB 5V line is never a problem - it's a clear problem with poorly designed DACs like the
Modi 2, and dongle style DACs may not have the space available for proper filtering. I'd spend my money on a better designed DAC, not a 'special' USB port.