Yep. Alkaline, alkane/alkene/alkyne, alcohol, aldehyde...all derived from terms used by Arabic alchemists.
I took a couple of courses at Purdue from a sort of nutty history prof who specialized in the history of science and technology. He had a particular interest in Joseph Priestley's work, coincidentally shared by my freshman chem prof. Priestley discovered oxygen, which he didn't characterize as oxygen, but rather dephlogisticated air, based on the phlogiston theory widely believed at the time. That theory held that phlogiston was sort of anti-oxygen that was released from burning organic material then reabsorbed by plants. In essence, it was sort of like a mirror image of reality, but it was logical and explained quite a bit!