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A Broad Discussion of Speakers with Major Audio Luminaries

I think there was also some experiment where they removed floor bounce and the subjects found it sounded unnatural.

Indoors there is usually also a ceiling bounce, normally arriving at a different time and therefore having a different dip frequency. Since they are still pretty close in time, and probably not terribly different in amplitude, they will partially fill in one another's dips.
 
Indoors there is usually also a ceiling bounce, normally arriving at a different time and therefore having a different dip frequency. Since they are still pretty close in time, and probably not terribly different in amplitude, they will partially fill in one another's dips.

That of course depends on dimensions that depend on the situation, but in my setup (with dimensions that are not uncommon) there's a substantial path length difference:

1782746348142.png


(I expect the floor reflection to have less amplitude due to limited vertical directivity in the mid frequencies).
 
Haven't read 4rh ed yet. But how sensitive are we to floor bounce?

People, in domestic listening rooms there is no such thing as floor bounce in isolation or per se ... meaning the floor image source is no different from the six other image sources, axial, tangential, and oblique, from the front wall and side wall.

Gravity is not involved!

Read the 50yo Allison article and/or play with the Bagby xls program to get it.

A model Linkwitz created after I (following Olson, of course) explained it all to him in detail.
1782749900240.jpeg
 
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Yes - acoustics 101 - but each room setup is distinctive in some ways. In my case the ceiling was high and angled so L & R boundary interactions were different. There was essentially no side wall on the right and one on the left, creating asymmetry, and the rear (front) wall was highly irregular in depth thereby spreading the acoustical cancellations over a frequency range. See the pic below. So, the fact that I utilized an existing room, not a dedicated - usually strictly symmetrical - home theater was in this respect advantageous. None of these boundary issues showed up in measurements - the room modes dominated, and multilple subwoofers solved the problem.
View attachment 541801

Har, if it really were Acoustics 101 it would be well and widely understood and designers would take it into account better.

Your fine situation is atypical, luckily. Open plans can sound marvelous indeed.
 
People, in domestic listening rooms there is no such thing as floor bounce in isolation or per se ... meaning the floor image source is no different from the six other image sources, axial, tangential, and oblique, from the front wall and side wall. Gravity is not involved!

Gravity is involved when it comes to the listener. There are different reasons why people experience sound different in the vertical plane than in the horizontal. (ITD, ear shape, brain pathways and processing) .
 
Gravity is involved when it comes to the listener. There are different reasons why people experience sound different in the vertical plane than in the horizontal. (ITD, ear shape, brain pathways and processing) .

Sure, but only one of the 7 image sources in the Olson reconstruction above can be said to be strictly in the vertical plane, I would suggest.
 
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The tweeter isn't necessarily supposed to be above the woofer. More importantly, it should be positioned as close as possible to the driver reproducing the vocal range, which is usually the midrange driver - and the acoustic axis at approximately ear level. That's why you'll find many excellent loudspeakers with the tweeter above the midrange, below the midrange, or even between two midrange drivers in an MTM configuration.

The woofer is often placed at the bottom also for more practical reasons. Large woofers are heavy, and placing them higher up would make the cabinet top-heavy and mechanically less stable. It also helps keep the center of gravity lower.

There have been exceptions. The Dynaudio Consequence, for example, placed the woofer above the tweeter. It was certainly an interesting concept, but I don't think it has proven to be a particularly successful direction in loudspeaker design.

Personally, I still think the most elegant solution is a good coaxial design, where the tweeter and the driver reproducing the critical vocal range share the same acoustic center. That eliminates many of the vertical integration and time-alignment issues that conventional multiway loudspeakers have to manage.
 
Why are tweeters traditionally positioned above woofers anyway?
Keeping them close to the listeners on axis ear height was my general belief?
 
Har, if it really were Acoustics 101 it would be well and widely understood and designers would take it into account better.

Your fine situation is atypical, luckily. Open plans can sound marvelous indeed.
Reflections from boundaries are indeed acoustics 101. The spatial integration over a room reveals variations in power output over a range of frequencies - Figures 13.6 and 13.10 in the 4th edition. Roy Allison put this interpretation into the popular audio literature, but as he notes, it was known in physical acoustics literature. Acoustic Research, where he worked, at the time was focusing on radiated sound power as a key metric of loudspeaker performance, and they measured 22 locations in typical listening rooms.

In practice room modes are the dominant problems, and as soon as the appropriate measurements and equalization are involved the situation is usually resolved (Section 13.3.2 in the 4th edition).

Have loudspeaker designs recognized this effect? Yes and no. In the stereo HiFi domain, free-standing loudspeakers have proven to be more marketable than those requiring wall placement, but numerous floor standing loudspeakers place woofers at the bottom, close to the floor boundary. Setting up a satisfactory "stereo triangle" is a factor that reduces options.

Home theater changed the paradigm, first by requiring surround speakers around the room. These are frequently deliberate on-wall or in-wall designs, incorporating the wall boundaries (Figure 13.12). The advantage is significant (Figure 13.9). Nowadays, it is increasingly common for the front L, C and R loudspeakers to also be on- or in-wall designs. The prejudice against these boundary-friendly designs is finally passing.

So, it does actually seem that for one reason or another, many loudspeaker designs recognize advantages of employing at least one adjacent boundary into the concept. Corner placement is still not a selling point :( .
 
View attachment 541856

The tweeter isn't necessarily supposed to be above the woofer. More importantly, it should be positioned as close as possible to the driver reproducing the vocal range, which is usually the midrange driver - and the acoustic axis at approximately ear level. That's why you'll find many excellent loudspeakers with the tweeter above the midrange, below the midrange, or even between two midrange drivers in an MTM configuration.

The woofer is often placed at the bottom also for more practical reasons. Large woofers are heavy, and placing them higher up would make the cabinet top-heavy and mechanically less stable. It also helps keep the center of gravity lower.

There have been exceptions. The Dynaudio Consequence, for example, placed the woofer above the tweeter. It was certainly an interesting concept, but I don't think it has proven to be a particularly successful direction in loudspeaker design.

Personally, I still think the most elegant solution is a good coaxial design, where the tweeter and the driver reproducing the critical vocal range share the same acoustic center. That eliminates many of the vertical integration and time-alignment issues that conventional multiway loudspeakers have to manage.

Snell
1782757933932.png
 
Reflections from boundaries are indeed acoustics 101. The spatial integration over a room reveals variations in power output over a range of frequencies - Figures 13.6 and 13.10 in the 4th edition. Roy Allison put this interpretation into the popular audio literature, but as he notes, it was known in physical acoustics literature. Acoustic Research, where he worked, at the time was focusing on radiated sound power as a key metric of loudspeaker performance, and they measured 22 locations in typical listening rooms.

In practice room modes are the dominant problems, and as soon as the appropriate measurements and equalization are involved the situation is usually resolved (Section 13.3.2 in the 4th edition).

Have loudspeaker designs recognized this effect? Yes and no. In the stereo HiFi domain, free-standing loudspeakers have proven to be more marketable than those requiring wall placement, but numerous floor standing loudspeakers place woofers at the bottom, close to the floor boundary. Setting up a satisfactory "stereo triangle" is a factor that reduces options.

Home theater changed the paradigm, first by requiring surround speakers around the room. These are frequently deliberate on-wall or in-wall designs, incorporating the wall boundaries (Figure 13.12). The advantage is significant (Figure 13.9). Nowadays, it is increasingly common for the front L, C and R loudspeakers to also be on- or in-wall designs. The prejudice against these boundary-friendly designs is finally passing.

So, it does actually seem that for one reason or another, many loudspeaker designs recognize advantages of employing at least one adjacent boundary into the concept. Corner placement is still not a selling point :( .

roger about corner and wall placements :(

still seeing lots of speakers intended to be on stands or floorstanders with the woofer up high on the cabinet, but yes, some designers know to place it near a boundary

iirc, the first time (looong ago) Hirsch heard multichannel playback the first thing he noted was how fuller the the lower midrange sounded, having been filled in smoothly and naturally ... thinking this writeup was even before quad

dying to read v4!
 
Why are tweeters traditionally positioned above woofers anyway?
The relative positioning of woofer/midrange and tweeters can be (or probably should be) determined by the orientation of the principal forward-firing lobe in the crossover frequency range. Ideally the listener should be close to the centre, so that some amount of stand/sit, slouching, etc. is tolerated. Large symmetrical vertical arrays, as in certain stunningly expensive designs, force sustained good posture - no reclining allowed.
 
iirc, the first time (looong ago) Hirsch heard multichannel playback the first thing he noted was how fuller the the lower midrange sounded, having been filled in smoothly and naturally ... thinking this writeup was even before quad
I had not noted Julian's comment. My interpretation now would be that it is the superior sense of envelopment he experienced (assuming a competent recording), and the accompanying timbral enrichment that comes from multiple reflections - as in concert halls. More resonances are audible in a reflection-enriched situation - timbre is based on resonances. It is explained in the 4th.
 
Reflections from boundaries are indeed acoustics 101. The spatial integration over a room reveals variations in power output over a range of frequencies - Figures 13.6 and 13.10 in the 4th edition. Roy Allison put this interpretation into the popular audio literature, but as he notes, it was known in physical acoustics literature. Acoustic Research, where he worked, at the time was focusing on radiated sound power as a key metric of loudspeaker performance, and they measured 22 locations in typical listening rooms.

In practice room modes are the dominant problems, and as soon as the appropriate measurements and equalization are involved the situation is usually resolved (Section 13.3.2 in the 4th edition).

Have loudspeaker designs recognized this effect? Yes and no. In the stereo HiFi domain, free-standing loudspeakers have proven to be more marketable than those requiring wall placement, but numerous floor standing loudspeakers place woofers at the bottom, close to the floor boundary. Setting up a satisfactory "stereo triangle" is a factor that reduces options.

Home theater changed the paradigm, first by requiring surround speakers around the room. These are frequently deliberate on-wall or in-wall designs, incorporating the wall boundaries (Figure 13.12). The advantage is significant (Figure 13.9). Nowadays, it is increasingly common for the front L, C and R loudspeakers to also be on- or in-wall designs. The prejudice against these boundary-friendly designs is finally passing.

So, it does actually seem that for one reason or another, many loudspeaker designs recognize advantages of employing at least one adjacent boundary into the concept. Corner placement is still not a selling point :( .
Am I right in assuming that the Lyngdorf fr2 then makes sence as an acoustical concept? In Europe our living rooms are typically not that large, so I thought of it more as a space saving design. I always thought that free-standing speakers offered better imaging.

Always interesting to read your thoughts, thank you!
 
Am I right in assuming that the Lyngdorf fr2 then makes sence as an acoustical concept? In Europe our living rooms are typically not that large, so I thought of it more as a space saving design. I always thought that free-standing speakers offered better imaging.

Always interesting to read your thoughts, thank you!
As a method of eliminating one boundary effect the Lyngdorf makes absolute sense. As for stereo imaging, this depends on a variety of factors independent of wall mounting. The horizontal directivity of the loudspeaker design and the proximity and acoustical performance of side walls are the key factors in that respect. Those factors exist for free-standing loudspeakers as well. Some people like a dominant direct sound which means sitting closer to the loudspeakers. Very directional loudspeakers (physically large) or acoustically "dead" rooms (ugh!) are the other options. I say it is worth a try, but I have not seen a spinorama on the product.
 
The relative positioning of woofer/midrange and tweeters can be (or probably should be) determined by the orientation of the principal forward-firing lobe in the crossover frequency range. Ideally the listener should be close to the centre, so that some amount of stand/sit, slouching, etc. is tolerated. Large symmetrical vertical arrays, as in certain stunningly expensive designs, force sustained good posture - no reclining allowed.
Just to be clear, the centre you refer to here is the centre of the tweeter, or the centre of the driver array?
 
As a method of eliminating one boundary effect the Lyngdorf makes absolute sense. As for stereo imaging, this depends on a variety of factors independent of wall mounting. The horizontal directivity of the loudspeaker design and the proximity and acoustical performance of side walls are the key factors in that respect. Those factors exist for free-standing loudspeakers as well. Some people like a dominant direct sound which means sitting closer to the loudspeakers. Very directional loudspeakers (physically large) or acoustically "dead" rooms (ugh!) are the other options. I say it is worth a try, but I have not seen a spinorama on the product.
Thank you. I have no intention of buying these, but I thought that the concept was, a bit, intriguing. Specially, because Lyngdorf seems to understand acoustics. I might check them out if I have the opportunity.
 
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