GROUND LOOPS and other noise part 2
Amplifier Board.
1. Ideally source devices and preamplifiers should behave like pickups, be it microphones, tape heads and cartridge's.
2. We expect that the output levels are safe.
3. As such their reference plane should not be connected to chassis. However it may offer a shield plane for the signal, however this should not be connected to chassis.
4. As per 1 any exposed chassis offers no danger and essentially behaves as a faraday cage. Devices having lethal voltages such as tube preamplifiers will have an earthed chassis. No connection exists between this chassis and signal ground. This chassis could essentially be an earthed faraday cage.
5. Thus even integrated preamplifiers should have a separate power supply not connected to the amplifier main power supply or they can have a shared power supply with only one earthing point with no connection to chassis. Ideally an integrated preamplifier has only one earthing point. The inputs and outputs. The upstream device if any should also have an isolated supply and should behave like a pickup.
6.Power amplifiers may have the amplifier power ground connected to chassis earth, however if such an amplifier will be used for other purposes a ground lift switch may exist to separate chassis ground from amplifiers power ground.
7. A partial chassis may act more like an antennae and so depending on dimensions, limiting the bandwidth of the amplifier should address this problem as audio wavelengths are much more longer and so the temptation to also use the chassis as a ground plane is always at hand. The journey of equipment matching continues.