It's more complicated than that - we can measure sound - vibrations in the air that impinge on your tympanic membranes. And we can determine from Amir's testing the liklihood of whether the measured noise or distortion of a piece of hardware will be audible.
However, we cannot measure what reaches your consciousness, or what you "perceive". People sometimes claim to hear differences, even when there are no differences, e.g. the sources are not switched in the ab testing. Also, sometimes small differences that are claimed to be heard cannot actually be identified - unless the listener knows in advance what hardware or variant in a sound system he is listening to.
Do we have microphone/preamp setups than have the same resolution as Amir's signal measurements? I am not aware of any. Maybe the military has some 120db s/n microphones.
How can you tell from his measurements what will be audible. I have been looking for correlation studies,